1. Chichonal Volcano MEXICO By : Ai Hamada, Erica Massey, Gali Beltran, Mona Regad, Charlotte Magnette

2. El Chichón Southern Mexico Altitude: 1150 m Last eruption: 1984 Area: 0.8 km 2 (80 Ha) Andesitic statovolcano Magma chamber: 8km deep Chiapanecan Volcanic Arc (CVA) Triple junction (García Palomo, Macías & Espíndola, 2004)

3. Geological Survey Studies of the Chichonal Volcano already: Thermal manifestation Geochemical evaluation Heat source Acid lake Steam vents Boiling springs Acid and neutral hot springs Geothermometry ~220°C (Photo by R. Avilamario from http://www.panoramio.com)http://www.panoramio.com

4. Tectonics of the Chiapanecan Permeability CVA = 4 volcanoes Faults Fissures Fractures Folding (Source: García Palomo, Macías & Espíndola, 2004)

5. El Chichón: Geologic features (Source: García Palomo, Macías, & Espíndola, 2004)

6. Exploration methods before drilling (Source: Arellano Contreras & Jiménez Salgado, 2012) 5km6km Focus on 5km x 6km area 1km 6km We propose ‘ Airborne ’ method! ・ Easy access to the site ・ Small staff ・ Short time ・ less money ・ Aeromagnetic ・ Electromagnetic (TEM) We can do two methods at the same time!

7. Exploration methods before drilling MethodsExpected dataCost performance (5km×6km area = 25.5 line-miles) Aeromagnetic ・ Location of the heat source ・ Depth of the source. ・ 3D model of the body 167.34/mile ⇒ 4300USD Electromagnetic (TEM) ・ Fluid saturation ・ Conductivity of the rocks ・ Hydrothermal alteration ・ Porosity ・ Type of pore fluid 317.38/mile ⇒ 8100USD Time required to perform two methods in the field is 1 day, The time of interpretation and writing reports in both methods will take from 1 to 2 months. Total cost of getting field data with both methods by the same airplane is 8100USD~ (Estimations from OpenEI, http://en.openei.org)http://en.openei.org

8. Likely environmental impacts Air emissions Risk of subsidence Waste water Noise Landscape Social Impact (Photo by A. Santibanez from http://www.panoramio.com )http://www.panoramio.com Questions and mitigation measures have to be discussed with the local authorities in the EIA report.

9. References Duffield, W. A., Tilling, R. I., & Canul, R. (1984). Geology of El Chichon volcano, Chiapas, Mexico. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20(1-2), 117 ‑ 132. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(84)90069-6 Erkan, K., Holdmann, G., Benoit, W., & Blackwell, D. (2008). Understanding the Chena Hot Springs, Alaska, geothermal system using temperature and pressure data from exploration boreholes. Geothermics, 37(6), 565 ‑ 585. doi:10.1016/j.geothermics.2008.09.001 Flores-Armenta, M. & Luis Gutiérrez-Negrín, C.A.(2011) Geothermal activity and development in Mexico. Presented at “Short Course on Geothermal Drilling, Resource Development and Power Plants”, organized by UNU-GTP and LaGeo, in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, January 16-22, 2011. Retrieved 18 th February 2013 on: http://www.os.is/gogn/unu-gtp-sc/UNU-GTP-SC-12-04.pdf http://www.os.is/gogn/unu-gtp-sc/UNU-GTP-SC-12-04.pdf Garcı́a Palomo, A., Macı́as, J. L., & Espı́ndola, J. M. (2004). Strike-slip faults and K-alkaline volcanism at El Chichón volcano, southeastern Mexico. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 136(3-4), 247 ‑ 268. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.04.001 Jutzeler, M., Varley, N., & Roach, M. (2011). Geophysical characterization of hydrothermal systems and intrusive bodies, El Chichón volcano (Mexico). Journal of Geophysical Research, 116(B4). doi:10.1029/2010JB007992 Taran, Y. A., & Peiffer, L. (2009). Hydrology, hydrochemistry and geothermal potential of El Chichón volcano- hydrothermal system, Mexico. Geothermics, 38(4), 370 ‑ 378. doi:10.1016/j.geothermics.2009.09.002

10. MUCHAS GRACIAS AMIGOS