1. WE HAVE REVIEWED PREPOSITIONS IN 8 PARTS OF SPEECH. DEFINITION: PREPOSITION SHOWS DIRECTION, LOCATION, OR ASSOCIATION

2. about above according to across after against ahead of along among apart from around aside from at because of before behind below beneath beside besides between beyond by despite down during except for from in in addition to in back of in front of in place of inside in spite of instead of into in view of like near next to of off on on account of opposite out outside over past prior to through throughout to toward under underneath until up upon with within without

3. NOW WE ARE ADDING ON TO THE PREPOSITION WITH… PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE: THE PREPOSITION AND ALL OF ITS MODIFIERS (THE WORDS THAT RELATE TO, OR GO WITH, THE PREPOSITION) A PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE BEGINS WITH A PREPOSITION (P) AND ENDS WITH A NOUN OR A PRONOUN CALLED THE OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION (OP)

4. In the morning we will meet at Jill's house. On our last morning at band camp, the bus will leave. According to the weather channel, there will be rain tonight.

5. To Comma or Not to Comma… We will look at 3 rules  Commas for Clarity  Commas for long prep phrases  Commas for series of prep phrases

6. . OH, YEAH... SOMETHING ABOUT A COMMA AFTER ONE KIND THAT COMES AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SENTENCE OR SOMETHING... I CAN'T REMEMBER EXACTLY WHAT THE RULE IS... HERE'S RULE #1: DO NOT PUT A COMMA AFTER A LITTLE INTRODUCTORY PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE (1, 2, OR 3 WORDS) UNLESS IT IS NEEDED FOR CLARITY. EXAMPLE: IN THE MORNING WE WILL MEET AT JILL'S HOUSE. 1 Comma Rules with Prepositional Phrases

7. Rule #1 for Clarity RULE #1: EXAMPLE: IN BASKETBALL, UNIFORMS ARE TWO-PIECE OUTFITS. (TWO-WORD INTRO. PREP. PHRASE NEEDS COMMA FOR CLARITY. WITHOUT THE COMMA WE READ, "IN BASKETBALL UNIFORMS...".)

8. Rule #2 for long prep phrases HERE'S RULE #2: DO PUT A COMMA AFTER A LONG. INTRODUCTORY PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE (4 OR MORE WORDS). EXAMPLES: ON THIS BEAUTIFUL, SUMMER MORNING, LET'S HIKE. (FIVE-WORD INTRODUCTORY PREP. PHRASE)

9. Rule # 3 for series of prep phrases HERE'S RULE #3: DO PUT A COMMA AFTER A SERIES (SOMETIMES CALLED A SUCCESSION) OF INTRODUCTORY PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES ON OUR LAST MORNING AT CAMP SNOOPY, THE BUS WILL LEAVE. (SERIES OF 2 INTRO. PREP. PHRASES)

10. Identify the preposition in the sentence. Write the sentence and underline the prepositional phrase. Label P for preposition and OP for object of the preposition. 1. The puppies wandered around the fenced yard until their owner arrived. 2. Without a care in the world, Alex is relaxing, waiting for the game to begin. 3. Dean thinks that he is smarter than everyone in the class. 4. Will you put these cookies on the tray? 5. His doctor read through his chart and looked down his throat.

11. 1. The puppies wandered around the fenced yard until their owner arrived. 2. Without a care in the world, Alex is relaxing, waiting for the game to begin. 3. Dean thinks that he is smarter than everyone in the class. 4. Will you put these cookies on the tray? 5. His doctor read through his chart and looked down his throat.

12. Lord of the Flies Who needs books? Who needs books? I suggest you buy your own to annotate, but you can borrow one from me if you like. I suggest you buy your own to annotate, but you can borrow one from me if you like. Bring them BLOCK DAY. Bring them BLOCK DAY.

13. WILLIAM GOLDING AND LORD OF THE FLIES BACKGROUND NOTES

14. I. William Golding Basics A. Full Name: William Gerald Golding B. Born: September 19, 1911 C. Born in Cornwall, England

15. D. Father Alec worked as a science teacher; He had strong political and scientific notions E. Mother Mildred worked on the suffragist movement F. Died: June 19, 1993 of heart failure I. William Golding Basics Continued

16. II. Golding’s Education A. Went to the grammar school his father taught at B. Began study at Oxford (Brasenose College) in 1930 C. Original field of study was in the natural sciences D. In 1932, he changed his field of study to English Literature. E. Later in 1937, Golding returns to Oxford for a Diploma in Education

17. III. Influences on Golding’s Work A. Teaching 1. taught English and philosophy at a number of grammar schools 2. where he met his wife Ann 3. studied how young children interacted with one another

18. B. World War II 1. Joined the Royal Navy 2. Helped sink Germany’s Bismarck 3. Was part of D-Day in France 4. Changed his view of man – came to believe that everyone had an evil side

19. C. Literary Influences 1. Classical literature 2. Mythology 3. Christian symbolism

20. IV. Lord of the Flies Background A. Started from an idea he had while reading The Coral Island to his kids 1. Golding believed that this idyllic setting/plot was anything but realistic B. Began working on it in 1952 C. Originally called “Strangers from Within”

21. D. In 1953, he begins sending it to publishers, where it was turned down by more than 20 of them 1. sensitive subject matter 2. no one wanted something so pessimistic to be published E. Finally accepted after changes to the text, and it was published in 1954 as The Lord of the Flies

22. V. Other Life Events A. 1962 – resigned from teaching and focused on writing full time B. 1963 – Brook’s film Lord of the Flies was shown at Cannes C. 1983 – Awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature D. 1988 – knighted

23. THEMES IN LORD OF THE FLIES A. Man is inherently evil: Each person has within himself both good and evil. The evil will override the good unless it is contained by the laws of society. When man has no laws to go by, he will revert to savage behavior. B. The need for civilization: Humans need civilization to keep them in line. When laws, rules, police, and schools are not in place, humans revert to a more primitive part of their nature. You can only cover up inner savagery so long before it breaks out, given the right situation. C. Innocence and the loss of it: Golding implies that the loss of innocence has little to do with age but is related to a person’s understanding of human nature. It can happen at any age or not at all.

24. D. The loss of identity: When civilization slips away man reverts to his more primitive nature, his identity disintegrates. The boys use masks to cover their identity, and this allows them to do things they wouldn’t normally do. E. Power: Democratic power is demonstrated when choices and decisions are shared among many. Authoritarian power allows one person to rule by threatening and terrifying others. People will abuse power when it's not earned. When given a chance, people often single out another to degrade to improve their own security. F. Fear of the unknown: The fear of the unknown can be a powerful force, which can turn you to either insight or hysteria. Fear of the unknown on the island revolves around the boys’ terror of the beast. THEMES IN LORD OF THE FLIES