3. Frontal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe Parietal lobe Frontal association area Speech Smell Hearing Auditory association area Vision Visual association area Somatosensory association area Reading Taste Somatosensory cortex Motor cortex Fissures (deep grooves) divide the cerebrum into lobes

4. If Christopher is in a car accident and due to brain damage loses his sight, which lobe of the brain were probably damaged? When you go to the refrigerator and reach for a carton of milk, which lobes of the brain are you using? When you are listening to music on earphones, which lobe of the brain are you using? When an Olympic gymnast does a flip on the balance beam, which lobes of the brain is she using? Occipital Frontal & Occipital Temporal Frontal, Occipital, Parietal, & Temporal

6.  Cerebral hemispheres  Diencephalon Figure 7.12b Surface is made of ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci) purpose: to increase surface area  Brain stem  Cerebellum

7. Figure 7.13c Somatic sensory area – receives impulses from the body’s sensory receptors (audio, visual, olfactory, and taste) Interpretation areas of the cerebrum Speech/language region Broca’s area – involved in our ability to speak

8. Figure 7.14 Primary motor area – sends impulses to skeletal muscles

9.  Gray matter › Outer layer › Composed mostly of neuron cell bodies White matter › Fiber tracts inside the gray matter › Example: corpus callosum connects hemispheres Figure 7.13a

10.  Sits on top of the brain stem  Enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus

11.  Surrounds the third ventricle  The relay station for sensory impulses  Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation

12.  Under the thalamus  Important autonomic nervous system center › Helps regulate body temperature › Controls water balance › Regulates metabolism  An important part of the limbic system (emotions)  The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus

13.  Forms the roof of the third ventricle  Houses the pineal body (an endocrine gland)  Includes the choroid plexus – forms cerebrospinal fluid

15.  Attaches to the spinal cord  Parts of the brain stem › Midbrain › Pons › Medulla oblongata

16.  Mostly composed of tracts of nerve fibers  Has two bulging fiber tracts – cerebral peduncles  Has four rounded protrusions – corpora quadrigemina › Reflex centers for vision and hearing

17.  The bulging center part of the brain stem  Mostly composed of fiber tracts  Includes nuclei involved in the control of breathing

18.  The lowest part of the brain stem  Merges into the spinal cord  Contains important control centers › Heart rate control › Blood pressure regulation › Breathing › Swallowing › Vomiting