1. The Central Nervous System (C.N.S) MINDARIE SENIOR COLLEGE 3A/3B HUMAN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE

2. The Central Nervous System is made up of the brain and the spinal cord.

3. The brain

4. The spinal cord Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre B13

5. The main parts of the CNS (left side facing) cerebellum cerebrum Spinal cord Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

6. The main parts of the CNS (right side facing) cerebellum cerebrum spinal cord Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

7. Cerebrum features outermost layer contains the cerebral cortex (grey matter) middle layer contains the white matter innermost layer contains grey matter called the basal ganglia

8. Cerebrum hypothalamus thalamus mid-brain pons varolii medulla oblongata cerebellum spinal cord cerebral cortex cerebrum Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

9. The cerebral cortex Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

10. Functional areas of the cerebral cortex Motor area for speech Primary auditory area Auditory association area Primary sensory area Primary motor area Speech Primary visual area Visual association area Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

11. The functional areas of the cerebral cortex thinking reasoning learning memory intelligence sense of responsibility perception of the senses initiation and control of voluntary muscle contraction

12. Cerebral cortex hypothalamus thalamus mid-brain pons varolii medulla oblongata cerebellum spinal cord cerebral cortex cerebrum Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

13. The functional areas of the cerebrum sensory areas interpret impulses from receptors. motor areas control muscular movements. association areas are involved with intellectual and emotional processes.

14. Cerebrum hypothalamus thalamus mid-brain pons varolii medulla oblongata cerebellum spinal cord cerebral cortex cerebrum Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

15. The hypothalamus regulates: heart rate body temperature movement of food through the alimentary canal food and water intake patterns of waking and sleeping contraction of the urinary bladder sexual cycles sensory information from internal organs associated with fear and anger the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

16. Hypothalamus hypothalamus thalamus mid-brain pons varolii medulla oblongata cerebellum spinal cord cerebral cortex cerebrum Acknowledgement: Picture of Model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

17. The medulla oblongata regulates: heartbeat through its cardiovascular centre breathing rhythm through its respiratory centre the diameter of blood vessels through its vasomotor centre

18. Medulla oblongata hypothalamus thalamus mid-brain pons Varolii medulla oblongata cerebellum spinal cord cerebral cortex cerebrum Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

19. The spinal cord

20. The action of the spinal cord Sensory neurons pick up signals from the skin and transfer that information to connector neurons in the spinal cord and/or brain. This information is relayed on to the motor neurons in the spinal cord to illicit a response.

21. sensory neuron connector neuron motor neuron Acknowledgement: Picture taken from Newton & Joyce, Human Perspectives Book 2 Fig 21.3 Revised Edition 2000 pg 268

22. sensory neuron connector neuron motor neuron Acknowledgement: Picture taken from Newton & Joyce, Human Perspectives Book 2 Fig 21.3 Revised Edition 2000 pg 268