1. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. SOCIOEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE 10 ESSENTIALS OF LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT JOHN W. SANTROCK 3e

2. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-2 CHAPTER OUTLINE Identity Families Peers Culture and adolescent development Adolescent problems

3. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-3 IDENTITY What is identity? Erikson’s view Developmental changes Ethnic identity

4. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-4 IDENTITY Self-portrait composed of many pieces Vocational/career Political Religious Relationship Achievement, intellectual Sexual Cultural/ethnic Interests

5. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-5 IDENTITY Personality Physical Erikson’s view Identity versus identity confusion Psychosocial moratorium - Gap between childhood security and adult autonomy Adolescents experiment with different roles and personalities Adolescents who cope with conflicting identities emerge with a new sense of self

6. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-6 FIGURE 10.1 - MARCIA’S FOUR STATUSES OF IDENTITY

7. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-7 IDENTITY Developmental changes Key changes in identity are more likely to take place in emerging adulthood than in adolescence Identity does not remain stable throughout life “MAMA” - Repeated cycles of moratorium to achievement

8. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-8 IDENTITY Ethnic identity : Enduring aspect of the self that includes: Sense of membership in an ethnic group Attitudes and feelings related to that membership Many adolescents develop a bicultural identity Identify in some ways with their ethnic group and in other ways with the majority culture

9. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-9 FAMILIES Parental management and monitoring Autonomy and attachment Parent-adolescent conflict

10. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-10 FAMILIES Parental monitoring and information management Supervising adolescents’ choice of: Social settings Activities Friends Academic efforts When parents engage in positive parenting practices: Adolescents are more likely to disclose information

11. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-11 FAMILIES Autonomy and attachment Parents must weigh needs for autonomy and control, independence and connection The push for autonomy May puzzle and anger many parents Adolescents’ ability to attain autonomy is acquired through appropriate adult reactions to their desire for control Boys are given more independence

12. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-12 FAMILIES Role of attachment Securely attached adolescents are less likely to have emotional difficulties and to engage in problem behaviors: Juvenile delinquency and drug abuse Parent-adolescent conflict Increases in early adolescence but does not reach the tumultuous proportions Remains somewhat stable during the high school years Lessens as the adolescent reaches 17 to 20 years of age

13. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-13 FAMILIES Everyday conflicts serve a positive ­developmental function Old model of parent-adolescent relationships suggested that: As adolescents mature they detach themselves from parents and move into a world of autonomy apart from parents New model emphasizes that: Parents serve as important attachment figures and support systems while adolescents explore a wider, more complex social world

14. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-14 FIGURE 10.2 - OLD AND NEW MODELS OF PARENT-ADOLESCENT RELATIONSHIPS

15. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-15 PEERS Friendships Peer groups Dating and romantic relationships

16. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-16 PEERS Friendships Most teens prefer a smaller number of friendships that are more intense and more intimate Friends become increasingly important in meeting social needs

17. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-17 FIGURE 10.3 - DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN SELF-DISCLOSING CONVERSATIONS

18. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-18 PEERS Peer groups Peer pressure Young adolescents conform more to peer standards than children do Cliques and crowds Cliques : Small group averaging 5 or 6 individuals that may form among adolescents Engage in similar activities Crowds : Larger than cliques and less personal Members are based on reputation May not spend much time together

19. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-19 PEERS Dating and romantic relationships Developmental changes in dating and romantic relationships Three stages Entry into romantic attractions and affiliations at about 11 to 13 years of age Exploring romantic relationships at approximately 14 to 16 years of age Consolidating dyadic romantic bonds at about 17 to 19 years of age

20. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-20 PEERS Dating in gay and lesbian youth Many date other-sex peers, which can help clarify their sexual orientation or disguise it from others Sociocultural contexts and dating Values, beliefs, and traditions dictate the age at which dating begins Dating and adjustment Linked with measures of how well-adjusted adolescents are

21. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-21 CULTURE AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT Cross-cultural comparisons Ethnicity The media

22. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-22 CULTURE AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT Cross-cultural comparisons Traditions and changes in adolescence around the globe Health Gender Family Peers Rites of passage : Ceremony that marks an individual’s transition from one status to another

23. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-23 CULTURE AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT Ethnicity Immigration High rates of immigration are contributing to the growth of ethnic minorities in the U.S. Immigrants experience stressors uncommon to longtime residents

24. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-24 CULTURE AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT Ethnicity and socioeconomic status Interact in ways that exaggerate the influence of ethnicity Ethnic minority adolescents experience: Prejudice, discrimination, and bias Stressful effects of poverty

25. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-25 CULTURE AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT The media Technology and digitally mediated communication e-mail, instant messaging, social networking sites: Facebook, chat rooms, video sharing and photo sharing, Multiplayer online computer games and virtual worlds

26. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-26 ADOLESCENT PROBLEMS Juvenile delinquency Depression and suicide The interrelation of problems and successful prevention/intervention programs

27. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-27 ADOLESCENT PROBLEMS Juvenile delinquency Juvenile delinquent : Adolescent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal Delinquency rates Males more likely to engage in delinquency than females Rates among minority groups and lower-SES youth are especially high

28. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-28 ADOLESCENT PROBLEMS Causes of delinquency Lower class culture Parents less skilled in discouraging antisocial behavior Siblings and delinquent peers

29. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-29 ADOLESCENT PROBLEMS Depression and suicide Depression Factors contributing to depression Genes Certain family factors Poor peer relationships

30. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-30 ADOLESCENT PROBLEMS Suicide Suicide is the 3 rd leading cause of death in 10- to 19-year-olds Adolescents contemplate or attempt it unsuccessfully than actually commit it Females are more likely to attempt suicide, but males are more likely to succeed

31. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-31 THE INTERRELATION OF PROBLEMS AND SUCCESSFUL PREVENTION/INTERVENTION PROGRAMS Four problems that affect the most adolescents: Drug abuse Juvenile delinquency Sexual problems School-related problems

32. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10-32 THE INTERRELATION OF PROBLEMS AND SUCCESSFUL PREVENTION/INTERVENTION PROGRAMS Successful intervention programs include: Intensive individualized attention Community-wide multiagency collaborative approaches Early identification and intervention