1. How to Improve Care Approaches Using Cognitive Apprenticeship Emily O. Egerton, MEd., PhD. Geriatric Grand Challenge Institute Advanced Curriculum Workshop November 13, 2014

2. Has this ever happened to you? You have finally convinced your site administrator to allow you to attend an off-site continuing education workshop, and while you are there you learn an amazing care approach that you really believe will improve interactions with the older adults with dementia. In fact, the care approach is so logical and easy to follow that you can actually see yourself sharing and teaching it to your co-workers. After hearing about the approach, your administrator approves a one-hour workshop to teach a group of 15, but as you start to prepare for the workshop, fear sets in and your enthusiasm fades. …Why?

3. Why? Because it is difficult to teach to others what you’ve learned when you are in the early stages of proficiency. Stage 1: Novice Stage 2: Advanced Beginner Stage 3: Competent Stage 4: Proficient Stage 5: The Expert Dreyfus Model of Skill Acquisition Benner’s Stages of Clinical Competence

4. If you really want to feel comfortable teaching a new technique or strategy…

5. Where to Start… Share and practice with a trusted friend or co-worker Introduce Concept or skill to 1-2 new co-workers Start Training using Cognitive Apprenticeship

6. For centuries apprenticeship has been considered the best way to teach and improve proficiency

7. Learning Methods of Cognitive Apprenticeship ModelingCoachingScaffoldingArticulationReflectionSequencing

8. Modeling The expert demonstrates the skill Can also be done with a video Provides opportunity to see how a task is done

9. Coaching and Scaffolding Supporting the learner with prompts and feedback s/he engages in the skill The degree of support fades as the learner becomes more proficient

10. Articulation Provides an opportunity for learners to put what they have learned in their own words Can also be done through discussion groups, forums and virtual meetings

11. Reflection Self-evaluate early and often Write down your experiences Go back and read earlier entries and reflect on how your proficiency has increased Adjust personal goals

12. Exploration Trying skill in new situations Self-directed problem- solving Make and test a hypothesis Analyze your results

13. 3 Principles for Sequencing Learning Global Before LocalIncreasing ComplexityIncreasing Diversity

14. How to Make Cognitive Apprenticeship Work for You: Practice with a friend Recruit 1- 2 co- workers Model Coach Reflect Share Success Guide recruits to Step 1