1. Water – Energy Nexus WETCAT and Climate Change
DSIWM/Water Use and Efficiency Branch
Jim Lin
Intro myself, Sr. Engineer, WUE/water saving/energy saving/GHG emissions reduction

2. Objectives Interconnection of Water – Energy – GHG Emission
19.4% of electricity
30% of (non-power plant) natural Gases
Water saving/Energy saving/GHG reduction

3. Energy Consuming Segments of California’s
Water-Use Cycle
Source
Supply & Conveyance
Water Treatment
Water Distribution
Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater Collection
Recycled Water Treatment
Recycled Water Distribution
End Use: Agriculture, Residential, commercial, industrial
Discharge
Water segments: supply and conveyance,
Treatment/distribution,
End users,
wastewater
CPUC (2010)

4. Embedded Energy (energy use by water and wastewater agencies)
Focus of Study 1:
Wholesale Water Systems
Source
Focus of Study 2: Retail Water & Wastewater Systems
End-Use Energy
Supply &
Water Treatment
Water Distribution
Conveyance
(312
GWh )
(1,000
GWh )
(15,958 GWh)
Water End Uses:
Agriculture,
Recycled Water
Recycled Water
Residential,
Treatment
Distribution
commercial,
industrial
(~30,000
GWh )
Energy embedded in water at each segments:
32% in supply and conveyance,
61% in end users,
3% in treatment/distribution,
4% in wastewater treatment.
Wastewater
Wastewater
Discharge
Treatment
Collection
(2,012
GWh )
Source
CPUC (2010)

5. CAT Climate Action Team
Governor’s EO S-3-05 on June 1, 2005
Secretary of CalEPA - Coordinator
18 State Agencies
(ARB, CEC, CPUC, NRA, DWR, etc.)
9 Working Groups
Goals – GHG Emission Reduction Strategies
CAT
Climate Action Team
CAT was formed after Gov. EO in 2005,
18 agencies and 9 working groups now,
Goals – GHG emissions reduction to 1990 level by 2020.

6. 9 CAT Working Groups Agriculture Biodiversity Coastal/Oceans Forestry
Land Use
Public Health
Research
State Gov.
Water/Energy
or WETCAT
Emphasize WETCAT

7. WETCAT Water Energy Team of Climate Action Team
Help CARB in Developing AB 32 Scoping Plan, etc.
Six GHG Emission Reduction Measures in Water
W-1 Water Use Efficiency
W-2 Water Recycling
W-3 Water System Energy Efficiency
W-4 Reuse Urban Runoff
W-5 Increase Renewable Energy Production
W-6 Public Goods Charge for Water
Water sector, six measures to help achieve AB 32 W.S.P.
WUE, WR
EE, RE
Urban Runoff reuse, PGCs

8. Water Use & Efficiency in DWR
Work on grant-funded Projects
Evaluation of Water Saving (AF/Yr.)
Evaluation of Energy Saving (MWh/Yr.)
Evaluation of GHG emission Reduction (Metric Ton CO2e/Yr.)
WUE in Urban, Ag., and CII

9. WUE Example 1: Central Basin MWD
Low Flow Toilet Replacement
Water Savings:
38 GPD per toilet;
7600 GPD for
200 toilets;
Total Water
Savings:
8.5 AF/Yr.
Urban water use, toilets, from 7 gal/flush to 5, 3.5 and to 1.28 HET – High Efficient Toilets

10. WUE Example 1: Central Basin MWD
Low Flow Toliet Replacement
Energy Savings:
Total Dynamic Head of GW: 331 ft
(101 m, S. CA)
Volume of Water Saving: 10,493
Cubic-Meters
Pump Efficiency: 0.6
Additional Water Treatment Cost: 20%
Energy Savings: MWh (~ $ 700 / Yr.)
GHG Emission Reduction: MTon CO2e/Yr.
Detail calculations for those who want to check

11. Example 2: Water Recycle (IEUA, Chino Basin)
Recycled water is used for landscape irrigation Water Saving: 13,167 AFY (Energy Intensity: 2,657 KWh/AF) Energy Saving: 34,985 MWh/Yr. (Nonbaseload Emission Rate: MTCO2e/MWh) CO2 Emission Reduction: 15,813 MTCO2e/Yr. This is like to idle 3,163 passenger cars off road (12,000 miles/yr., 20.8 gal/mile, 8.81 kg/gal of gasoline) (5 MTCO2e/car/year)
Example 2, water/energy savings, GHG reduction, 5 ton CO2 per car

12. Water Saving Analysis (38 Prop 50 Projects)
Water Saving (AF/Yr.)
14,419
Project Life (Year) 10
Grant Amount ($)
12,376,198
Grant Cost of Water ($/AF) 86
Project Total Cost ($)
39,463,200
Total Cost of Water ($/AF)
274
Bond Accountability required;

13. Pricing of SWP Water (2012, in $/AF)
Grant Funded Water Proj. 86
San Joaquin Valley 52
Southern Cal.
284
Central Coastal
1,408
State Average
185
Favorable in pricing w.r.t. SWP prices

14. Sources for GHG Calculations
eGRID – Emission and Generation Resources Integrated Data (eGRID2012 ver. 1.1; 2009 data) CARROT – Climate Action Registry Reporting Online Tool North America GHG Reporting and Evaluation Website DWR Climate Change Webpage USEPA Household Emission Calculator
Read Project Objective Statement From Project Charter
Project Mgmt Docs, Including Charter, RACI, PMP, Comm Plan, Scope
DSIWM/Water Use and Efficiency Branch
Jim Lin

15. Ever Wonder How Much GHG You Create?
Utility Bill Electricity Usage Natural Gas Usage Travel mileage