1. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov Roland Viger Andrew Bock U.S. Geological Survey Denver, Colorado

2. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov What Are the Components of a National Hydrologic Model? 1.Hydrologic models and software tools 2.National “Geospatial Fabric” a consistent spatial context for any study, model application, data collection, etc. 3.Best available data National extent Freely available Model-ready (processing and formatting)

3. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov Why Create a Geospatial Fabric? 1.Infrastructure for Nat’l Hydro Modeling (NHM) 2.Simplify simulation of streamflow at (almost) any point in US Pre-process feature delineation & parameterization Support PRMS, NWBM, SPARROW, WaterSmart Census 3.Method for indexing & sharing of results Use hydrography to organize information resources related to hydrologic modeling

4. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov What Is a Geospatial Fabric? GIS dataset of hydrologic modeling features Sets of parameter tables Methodology and software for derivation Information architecture

5. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov PRMS Conceptualization Surface Subsurface Groundwater Infiltration Recharge Streamflow Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs)

6. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov Geospatial Fabric features dataset 1.Points of Interest (POIs) 2.Stream segments 3.Hydrologic Response Units Areas of homogenous hydrologic behavior A nationally consistent set of geographic features used for hydrologic modeling

7. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov Geospatial Fabric parameter table set 1.Topology/connectivity for routing 2.Topography 3.Land Cover 4.Soils 5.Hydrogeology Indexed to GF features dataset, Based on a fixed set of ancillary data

8. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov Geospatial Fabric Methodology 1.Turning NHDPlus into something more relevant for modeling 2.Automated derivation 3.Uses best available data 4.Relevant research and development in the field of hydrologic modeling to answer increasingly complex questions, and to take advantage of improved data sources as they become available. 5. Information architecture for model application Distribution Comparability interoperability This archive process is a key to coupling models from diverse scientific disciplines. Defines/documents a nationally consistent set of methods for deriving features and parameters

9. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov Aggregate NHDPlus catchments based on Points of Interest (POIs) to make HRUs Geospatial Fabric Methodology

10. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov NHDPlus: Regions & Production Units

11. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov NHDPlus Catchments

12. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov GF feature dataset: Points of Interest Aggregate NHDPlus features based on POIs to define segments & HRUs POIs : Gages II USGS Reference/non Ref. Gages SPARROW National Weather Service River Forecast Centers Major confluences and waterbody inlets/outlets Travel time points (< 1 day) Elevation bands (500m) User supplied HUC12 outlets Aggregate NHDPlus features based on POIs to define segments & HRUs POIs : Gages II USGS Reference/non Ref. Gages SPARROW National Weather Service River Forecast Centers Major confluences and waterbody inlets/outlets Travel time points (< 1 day) Elevation bands (500m) User supplied HUC12 outlets

13. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov GF feature dataset: Segments Minimally sufficient set of NHDPlus Flowlines to connect POI pairs, Dissolved into a single feature Minimally sufficient set of NHDPlus Flowlines to connect POI pairs, Dissolved into a single feature

14. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov GF feature dataset: Incremental Contributing Areas (ICAs) Aggregate all NHDPlus Flowline Catchments associated with a POI

15. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov GF feature dataset: Hydrologic Response Units Split ICAs by segment into “left-bank” and “right-bank” areas

16. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov GF feature dataset: Hydrologic Response Units

17. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov GF parameter sets: Current production NLCD 2001 STATSGO NHD local-res waterbodies Hydrogeology (permeability from Gleeson et al, 2011) Pre-processed NLCD 2001 STATSGO NHD local-res waterbodies Hydrogeology (permeability from Gleeson et al, 2011) Pre-processed Elevation Aspect Slope X/Y/lat/long Area Soil moisture Soil recharge Soil type Fluxes Cover type Cover density Interception Transmissivity Imperviousness Waterbodies

18. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov GF parameter sets: plans for future NLCD 2006, 2010, etc SSURGO NASA imagery Improve empirical methods based on historical images  Huge help when using projections w/limited content Land cover forecasts Urbanization/imperviousness Snow cover area/equivalence Canopy height for stream shading Dynamic parameter generation GDP, etc NLCD 2006, 2010, etc SSURGO NASA imagery Improve empirical methods based on historical images  Huge help when using projections w/limited content Land cover forecasts Urbanization/imperviousness Snow cover area/equivalence Canopy height for stream shading Dynamic parameter generation GDP, etc

19. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov Jacob LaFontaine (GA WSC) Example of aggregated NHDPlus in the Apalachicola- Chattahoochee -Flint (ACF) River basin, Georgia ~50,000 km 2

20. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov Jacob LaFontaine (GA WSC) Original NHDPlus data: 5233 waterbodies 26,208 flowlines 25,908 catchments Geospatial Fabric: 7 major waterbodies 313 points of interest (POI) 652 hydrologic response units (HRUS)

21. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov # of NHDPlus Geospatial Fabric Geographic Region flowlinescatchmentsPOIssegmentsHRUsArea 1 65727 140514452709New England 2 124856 220622754972Mid Atlantic 3 337948 5505556510103South Atlantic Gulf 4 104343 432443486580Great Lakes 5 169443 348835086877Upper Ohio River 6 57478 117611802245Lower Ohio River 7 180787 405240967998Upper Mississippi 8 131414 194819684411Lower Mississippi 9 27333 7597741486Sourice Red-Rainy 10L 211414 425242618541Lower Missouri 10U 234752 5182519310299Upper Missouri 11 201366 373537506654White-Red-Arkansas 12 67694 185718873888Texas Gulf 13 53611 8979121783Rio Grande 14 82985 186918853741Upper Colorado 15 97134 121912483304Lower Colorado 16 91900 123813212553Great Basin 17 232659 484149179864Pacific Northwest 18 136882 276328515558California 20 4916 177186476Hawaii 21 15303 257264550Puerto Rico NHDPlus vs. Geospatial Fabric

22. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov GF as Information Architecture Enables subsetting and multi-scale modeling

23. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov Coarse Resolution Hydrologic Model Coarse HRUs based on stream gages and other “real-world” locations to enable nesting of models GF as Information Architecture Enables subsetting and multi-scale modeling

24. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov Coarse Resolution Hydrologic Model Hydrologic Response Unit (HRU) Streamgage Coarse HRUs based on stream gages and other “real-world” locations to enable nesting of models GF as Information Architecture Enables subsetting and multi-scale modeling

25. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov Pull a stand-alone coarse resolution model from the larger one Coarse HRUs based on stream gages and other “real-world” locations to enable nesting of models GF as Information Architecture Enables subsetting and multi-scale modeling

26. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov Pull a stand-alone coarse resolution model from the larger one Nest a stand-alone fine resolution model Coarse Resolution Hydrologic Model Coarse HRUs based on stream gages and other “real-world” locations to enable nesting of models GF as Information Architecture Enables subsetting and multi-scale modeling

27. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov Pull a stand-alone coarse resolution model from the larger one Nest a stand-alone fine resolution model Stand-alone models can be re-calibrated and nested back into the coarse resolution model Coarse Resolution Hydrologic Model Coarse HRUs based on stream gages and other “real-world” locations to enable nesting of models GF as Information Architecture Enables subsetting and multi-scale modeling

28. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov Stream network Gages Calibration rounds based on gages Lumen: tool for exploiting Information architecture

29. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov GF: how is it different? NHDPlus complexity National Hydrography Dataset scale/resolution stability ArcHydro tool set, like the GIS Weasel data model NHDPlus complexity National Hydrography Dataset scale/resolution stability ArcHydro tool set, like the GIS Weasel data model

30. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov Conclusions for the Geospatial Fabric Nationally consistent set of features Scale, detail relevant for hydrological modeling One of many possible sets of parameters Ready to be applied to other data streams Establishes well-known/community-based methods Information handling approach: More than just a data set!

31. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov http://wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/mows

32. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov

33. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov John Walker (WI WSC) NHDPlus Region 10Lower Loch Vale Watershed, CO

34. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov Loch Vale Watershed, CO

35. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov Loch Vale Watershed, CO 100km 2 1.5km 2

36. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov 100km 2 1.5km 2 Loch Vale Watershed, CO

37. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov Hydrologic Model (parameterization) Spatial parameters  GIS interface  GDP Impervious Area Vegetation Land Cover Terrain and Hydrology

38. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov Current Condition Climate data for model forcing available from GDP Andy Bock (CO WSC) Greg McCabe (NRP) Dwight Atkinson (EPA) Type of climate dataGDP Dataset NameTime step Dataset Abbrev. Period of Record Grid SpacingReference Gridded product based on station data Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model Monthly PRISM1895-20114km Daly and others (2001) DayMET model 1 Daily DayMET1980-20111km Thornton and others (2012) Gridded Observed Meteorological Data Daily Maurer1950-19991/8 o Maurer and others (2002) Dynamically Downscaled GCM North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program 2 (5 GCMs downscaled with 9 RCMs) Daily NARCCAP 1971-2000 2041-2070 50km Mearns and others (2007) USGS Dynamical Downscaled Regional Climate (4 GCMs downscaled with 1 RCM) Daily Hostetler1968-209915km Hostetler and others (2011) Statistically Downscaled GCM CONUS Daily Downscaled Climate Projections (12 GCMs) Daily Hayhoe1950-20991/8 o Stoner and others (2012) Bias Corrected Spatially Downscaled Monthly Climate Predictions (16 GCMs) Monthly BCSD1950-20991/8 o Maurer and others (2007)

39. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov GeoData Portal (GDP) Best Available Data HRU summary Mapped to model format Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs) Shape File GDP

40. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov What happened behind the scenes? Gridded output Statistical summaries of gridded output by basin subunits

41. American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 rviger@usgs.gov