1. Five Fundamental Categories By Bhupendra Ratha, Lecturer School of Library and Information Science Devi Ahilya University, Indore Email: bhu261@gmail.com bhu261@gmail.com

2. Background of Fundamental Categories In 1952, Ranganathan published the 4th edition. This included a major new development, the introduction of the PMEST (Personality, Matter, Energy, Space, Time) categories. The basic idea of five categories was present in the earlier edition, but was not clearly defined. In 1952, Ranganathan published the 4th edition. This included a major new development, the introduction of the PMEST (Personality, Matter, Energy, Space, Time) categories. The basic idea of five categories was present in the earlier edition, but was not clearly defined.

3. Fundamental Categories Main Class [P] [M] [E] [S] [T] ; :. ‘, Many classifiers, catalogers and theorists have struggled with the distinction between Personality, Matter, Energy, Space, and Time.

4. Decreasing sequence of concreteness Classification of books in Indian national library during 1991. Classification of books in Indian national library during 1991. 1991 [T] 1991 [T] India [S] India [S] Classification [E] Classification [E] Books [M] Books [M] National library [P] National library [P]

5. Personality [P] The Personality facet indicates the core point of the subject at hand. The Personality facet indicates the core point of the subject at hand. Characteristics of main class. Characteristics of main class. Comma (,) is Connecting symbol for personality. Comma (,) is Connecting symbol for personality. Use of personality in different main classes according to their facet formula and specific rules. Use of personality in different main classes according to their facet formula and specific rules.

6. Use of Personality Personality as a Space [S] Personality as a Space [S] For ex: Indian history V44 British law Z56 British law Z56

7. Cont… Personality as a time [T] Personality as a time [T] For ex: Biography of Dr. Ranganathan 2wM92

8. Cont… Personality as a Language Personality as a Language For ex: English language P111 English language P111 Hindi literature O152 Hindi literature O152

9. Matter [M] The Matter facet typically deals with some concrete object, typically inanimate. The Matter facet typically deals with some concrete object, typically inanimate. Matter are basically material, property and things. Matter are basically material, property and things. Semicolon (;) is the connecting symbol for the matter. Semicolon (;) is the connecting symbol for the matter. Use of matter only in few main classes such as Library science, Biology, Fine arts etc. Use of matter only in few main classes such as Library science, Biology, Fine arts etc.

10. Use of matter For ex: Reference book in Library 2;47 Reference book in Library 2;47 Painting on wood NQ;1 Painting on wood NQ;1 Paper currency X61;4 Paper currency X61;4

11. Energy The energy facet indicates to actions, problems or work efficiency. The energy facet indicates to actions, problems or work efficiency. This could be persons, objects or any entity acting alone or with another. This could be persons, objects or any entity acting alone or with another. This could include conceptual or intellectual entities as well. This could include conceptual or intellectual entities as well. The connecting symbol for energy is colon (:). The connecting symbol for energy is colon (:).

12. Use of Energy Reference services in national library 213:7 213:7 Management of foreign banks X6295:8 X6295:8

13. Space Space facet indicates to geographical area such as nation, state, city. Space facet indicates to geographical area such as nation, state, city. Space isolate gave on the page no. For different areas. Space isolate gave on the page no. For different areas. Use of space in few main class for [P] such as History, Law. Use of space in few main class for [P] such as History, Law. Dot (.) is Connecting symbol for space. Dot (.) is Connecting symbol for space.

14. Use of Space Political geography of India U5.44 Political geography of India U5.44 Income tax in India X724.44 Income tax in India X724.44 Curriculum in USA T:2.73 Curriculum in USA T:2.73

15. Time We can easily understand to time facet. We can easily understand to time facet. To the time facet given a chapter time isolate on the page no. 2.7 In the colon. To the time facet given a chapter time isolate on the page no. 2.7 In the colon. In the time isolate, time period can be divided in millennium, decade, year etc. In the time isolate, time period can be divided in millennium, decade, year etc. Use of time in different main class according to their rules. Use of time in different main class according to their rules. The connecting symbol for time is single inverted comma (‘). The connecting symbol for time is single inverted comma (‘).

16. Use of Time International trade in 20 th century. International trade in 20 th century.X:5.1’N University education in 1951 University education in 1951T4’N51