1. Social movements behind the struggle for housing

2. Building Societies 1775 Birmingham Mutual, self-help to let the better off working class own a house Longbridge Building Society 1793: weavers, yeomen, stonemasons, carpenter, cotton spinner “Terminating” or “Permanent” Societies Management professionalised

3. 19 th century New Lanarkshire Chartist cottages Peabody Guinness

4. Peabody Trust 1862: philanthropy

5. Artisan’s and Labourers’ Dwellings Act 1868 Control on slum landlords

6. Guinness Trust Housing 1890

7. Royal Commission on housing of the working class1885 “Common practice in London for each family to have only a single room, for the rent of which nearly 1/3 of them paid between 25% and 50% of their wage.”

8. Bourneville 1893 Port Sunlight 1899

9. Garden city movement Freedom, cooperation and country: Ebenezer Howard: 1850-1928

10. Glasgow rent strike Rent strikes against private landlords Blocking evictions Led by Glasgow Labour Housing Association Street Committees mostly led by women Shipyard workers have wages seized to pay rent Widespread strike in the yards then general strike: stops munitions manufacture: government caves and...

12. 1915 Act Introduces tight rent controls freezing rents at pre-1914 levels Before this 90% of housing by private landlords

13. Homes fit for heroes Addison Act: 1919: funds for Council housing -1939: 1 million homes, 10% of stock

14. Why council housing? Either –The free market in private rentals had failed: 1914 accounted for 90% of housing –Income too low to pay for decent housing –State has to intervene Or –Rent controls had made the private sector unprofitable and so had stifled investment –Rent controls continued

15. The 20s and 30s Expansion of owner-occupation funded by Building Societies http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business- 18978075

16. Prefabs

18. Squatting Post WWII Army camps Unallocated Council housing Houses due for demolition for flat building

20. 1964 17 stories

21. Tower blocks

22. Shelter Cathy Come Home 1966 St Martin in the Fields

23. Housing Finance Act 1972 Raise both private and Council rents Rent tribunals to set market rents Rent rebates for low income Council tenants means tested If Councillors refused to implement the Act they would be fined individually and a Government-appointed commissioned would implement the Act

24. Clay Cross Derbyshire small town: 11 councillors, all Labour Refused to implement or cooperate with Commissioner No higher rents collected Council abolished in reorganisation

25. Thatcher sell off 1980 Housing Act: right for council tenants to buy A property-owning democracy Low prices for longer serving tenants: 60% discount for 30-year tenants in houses; 70% for 15-year tenants in flats 1.2 million council dwellings sold 1980-89 Collapse of Council new build

26. Housing Associations Lot of Council flats left in public ownership handed over to housing associations Housing Corporation (only England) –Regulator and –Subsidies: £2 billion pa –About 50,000 a year at its peak –Abolished 2008 in the bonfire of the quangos –Homes and Communities Agency and Tenant Services Authority

27. 1986 Building Societies Act Lets BSs become banks: –De mutualise and float shares Northern Rock –1965 Merger of two North East BSs –Invested in US sub primes –Run on NR