2. MATTER

3. What is Matter? n Matter is anything that has mass and volume.

4. There are 3 States of Matter: Across the top of your notes write…… n 1. SOLID n 2. LIQUID n 3. GAS

5. SOLIDS –hold their shape –have definite volume –particles are very ordered –usually have high density

6. LIQUIDS –occupies a definite volume –no fixed shape –takes the shape of its container –usually have lower densities than solids

7. GASES –have no definite shape –have no definite volume –expand to fill container –usually have densities lower than both solids and liquids

8. n What is the 4 th state of matter? –It is the most common in the universe –What properties do you think it possess?

9. PROPERTIES OF MATTER n Physical Properties - characteristics of a substance that can be observed without altering the identity of the substance. n Ex: density, color, melting point

10. n Chemical Properties - characteristics of a substance that cannot be observed without altering the substance. n Ex: flammability (ability to burn in air)

11. n Physical Changes - a change that does not alter the chemical make-up of the substance. n Ex: changing from a pure substance to a mixture n Ex: Crushing, tearing, change in state

12. n Chemical Change - a change that alters the chemical make-up of a substance. n Ex: changing from an element to a compound n Ex: burning wood, cooking food.

13. n To identify a chemical change look for observable signs: color change bubbling and fizzing light production smoke presence of heat

14. Write in your notes: P for physical change C for chemical change n 1. ____ A piece of wood burns to form ash. n 2. ____ Water evaporates into steam. n 3. ____ A piece of cork is cut in half. n 4. ____ A bicycle chain rusts. n 5. ____ Food is digested in the stomach. n 6. ____ Water is absorbed by a paper towel. n 7. ____ Hydrochloric Acid reacts with zinc.

15. P for physical change C for chemical change n 8. ____ A piece of an apple rots on the ground. n 9. ____ A tire is inflated with air. n 10. ____ A plant turns sunlight, CO 2, and water into sugar and oxygen. n 11. ____ Sugar dissolves in water. n 12. ____ You cut your hair. n 13. ____ Milk sours. n 14. ____ A popsicle melts. n 15. ____ Making a peanut, pretzel and cereal mixture.

16. P for physical change C for chemical change n 16. ____ Diamonds are used to scratch glass n 17. ____ Baking soda reacts with vinegar and forms a gas n 18. ____ A piece of metal is bent in half n 19. ____ Methanol is burned and leaves a residue n 20. ____ An aspirin is crushed into fine powder n 21. ____ Copper turns green when exposed to the environment n 22. ____ Two clear liquids are mixed and a yellow color forms n 23. ____ Baking cookies

17. Conservation of Matter n Law of Conservation of Matter: matter is neither created nor destroyed

18. n Is the law of conservation of matter conserved in: –Physical change? –Chemical change?

19. Two Categories of Matter 1. Mixtures n Mixture - a blend of two or more pure substances. Each substance keeps its own physical and chemical properties n Ex: seawater, milk, air

20. n 1. Homogeneous - mixture that is uniform throughout. Another name for a homogeneous mixture is a solution. n Ex: pure air, soda, pancakes, Kool-Aid

21. Types of Mixtures: n 2. Heterogeneous - mixture that is not uniform throughout. Does not blend smoothly Ex: sand, chocolate chip cookies, tacos, fruit salad

22. Ways to separate mixtures….. n Filtration- separate a solid and a liquid. n Distillation- liquid from a liquid. n Crystallization- Solid particles from a dissolved solution. n Sublimation- two solids, when 1 sublimes and 1 does not. n Chromatography- gas and gas, or liquid and liquid n Or you can just pick things out.

23. 2. Pure Substances n Have their own set of chemical and physical properties. n Uniform and unchanging composition n Are any elements or compounds

24. Elements and Compounds n Element - a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by a chemical change. n Particle is the ATOM.

25. Elements n To make elements easier to use, we have symbols for each element. n Symbols consist of 1 or 2 letters, first one capitalized and the second one lower case.

26. Examples and Symbols Hydrogen nHnH Oxygen nOnO Sodium n Na Potassium nKnK Mercury n Hg Copper n Cu Aluminum n Al Helium n He

27. Compounds n Are formed when two or more different elements combine in a chemical reaction. n Most matter in the UNIVERSE is in the form of compounds n Particle is the MOLECULE

28. Examples and Formulas Water nH2OnH2O Carbon Dioxide n CO 2 Table Salt n NaCl Rust n Fe 3 O 2 Sugar n C 6 H 12 O 6