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Published byMilo Long Modified over 9 years ago
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Group Influence
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2 Group: Two or more people who interact with and influence one another Phenomena of collective influence: Social Facilitation Social Loafing Deindividuation Group Polarization Groupthink
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3 Social Facilitation Presence of other people strengthens dominant, well-learned responses We are energized and aroused by the presence of others Why? Evaluation Apprehension Distraction Mere Presence
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4 Social Loafing Tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their efforts for a common goal than when they are individually accountable Ingham et al. Latane, Williams, & Harking People loaf less when task is challenging and involving, or when group members are friends
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5 Deindividuation Presence of people causes arousal Being part of a group can diffuse personal responsibility Combination of these can diminish normal inhibitions Foodfights Vandalism Riots
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6 Deindividuation Loss of sense of individual responsibility and abandonment of normal restraints
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7 Deindividuation Affected by: Group size ‘Jumper’ study Physical anonymity Uniform studies Gergen, Gergen, and Barton Distracting activities Diminished self-awareness
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8 Group Polarization Group-produced enhancement of members’ preexisting tendencies Normative influence Informational Influence Risky shift Pluralistic ignorance
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9 Groupthink A tendency of a decision-making group to suppress dissent in the interests of group harmony Occurs in groups with: High cohesiveness Relative isolation from dissenting views Directive leadership
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10 Symptoms of Groupthink Overestimate might and right Illusion of invulnerability Unquestioned belief in group’s morality Closed-mindedness Rationalization Stereotyped view of opponent
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11 Symptoms of Groupthink Pressures toward uniformity Conformity Self-censorship Illusion of unanimity Mindguards
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12 Pearl Harbor
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13 Bay of Pigs
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14 Space Shuttle Challenger
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15 Minority Influence How do individuals influence groups? Definition: Definition: Influence of attitudinal minority on the majority
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16 Minority Influence Majorities use: Power (can force compliance) Normative influence Minority influence: Tends to be weaker than majority influence Uses informational influence to persuade
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17 When is minority influence effective? Consistency Consensus Confidence
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