1. A Meta –Analysis of the Relationship Between Social Skills and Sex Offenders Tara M. Emmer-Sommer, Mike Allen, John Bourhis, Erin Sahlstein, Kara Laskowski, Wendy Faloat, Jeff Ackerman, Marian Erian, Doreen Barringer, Judith Weiner, Jane Corey, Janice Krieger, Gren moramba, and Laurie Cashman Jane Sirkel Radford University

2. Purpose To examine the relationship between social skills ( communication competence) and weather the person was a sex offender (rapist, molester, incest offender, pedophile, exhibitionist) Can communication skills play a role in understanding the nature of sex offenders?

3. Considerations How are social sills to be defined ? Ability to interpret the message and situation correctly. Ability to generate the appropriate message within the context

4. Considerations How are social skills to be evaluated? Must include some ability of the individual to interact in an appropriate manner in a social setting

5. Considerations cont. How is sex offender to be defined? GUILTY by self-confession or legal judgment of some sexual offence Incest, pedophilia- homosexual or heterosexual, child molestation rape

6. Literature Search Procedures 1983-1995 Method: Hand search for journals Electronic sources- Keywords: social skills, decoding accuracy, communicative competence, interpersonal competence, sexual offender, rapist, child molester, sexual aggression Databases: ComIndex ERIC SocInfo

7. Literature Review Results Studies –Approximately 14 studies found –Three dropped Provided no appropriate statistical information Had no control groups Considered response from victim not aggressor

8. Evaluation of progress

9. Studies To Include Group of persons admitting to or adjudicated as guilty of nonconsensual sexual offenses Measure of social skill or communicative competence Use of non-offender control group Statistical information Permitting the estimation of effect

10. Potential Moderators sex offenders Source of data Measurement Offense Age Gender Relationship to victim Sample interrater bias Reference period Definition of legal system Self reports Statistics used to calculate Outcome measure

11. Potential Moderators social skills Source of data Measurement Age Sample Outcome measure Interrater bias Reference period

12. Results Average across ten studies demonstrates that less social skill is associated with greater likely hood of sexual offense / aggression. R = -.334, k = 10, N= 918, var. r =.011 Homogeneous sample of effects X2 = 8.11, df =9, N=918, p>.05

13. Discussion Results indicate when compared to non offenders sexual offenders consistently demonstrate lower levels of social skills. This does not indicate that all sex offenders have a low level of social skills or that all individuals with low levels f social skills are sex offenders.

14. Discussion Communicative competence is considered across collaborative norms, sex offenders may be competent however they measure competence along different expectations than other member of society.

15. End Notes One of the major conclusions of this study is that because of all the diverse aspects represented here there s need for further study in this area.