1. Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire

2.  http://www.history.com/topics/plymouth http://www.history.com/topics/plymouth

3.  How will geography impact the development of the New England colonies? How will this differ from the development of the Southern Colonies?

4.  Pilgrims and Puritans made their way over to New England – but what is the difference between these two groups?  http://www.history.com/topics/plymouth/vi deos/puritans-vs-pilgrims http://www.history.com/topics/plymouth/vi deos/puritans-vs-pilgrims

5.  Puritans – want to purify the Church of England  Pilgrims – Separatists – want to completely separate themselves from the Church of England

6.  Pilgrims  Wanted to build Christian commonwealth  In 1620 – led by William Bradford – crammed into the Mayflower for the New World – 102 men, women, and children  ½ - Pilgrim “saints” – Christians recognized as being elected for salvation  ½ non Pilgrim “strangers” – ordinary settlers, hired hands, and indentured servants  http://www.history.com/topics/plymouth/vi deos/pilgrims-in-america http://www.history.com/topics/plymouth/vi deos/pilgrims-in-america

8.  41 of the Pilgrims entered into a formal agreement to abide by the laws made by the leaders of their own choosing  Used later as a model for New England settlers; helped establish American tradition of consensual government  Civil govt came out of Church govt  (Pass out Mayflower Compact)

9.  Nearly ½ died of exposure and disease  1621 – met Squanto  Showed them how to grow maize  By fall – had corn, flourishing fur trade, and a supply of lumber for shipment  To celebrate – they had feast with Wampanoags – (What holiday commemorates this today?)  Population never rose above 7000

10.  Intended to be holy commonwealth  King Charles I granted Massachusetts Bay Company an area north of Plymouth – 1629  First this was a business venture  Majority faction led by John Winthrop resolved to use colony for persecuted Puritans

11.  Took advantage of omission of charter for Massachusetts Bay – usually the company had to maintain its home office in England  Winthrop took the charter with him and thereby transferred govt authority to Massachusetts Bay, where they hoped to ensure Puritan control

12.  17 ships of 1,000 colonists came to Massachusetts  Boston became chief city and capital

13.  Power rested with Massachusetts General Court  Elected the governor and his assistants and consisted of shareholders, called freemen; few had this status  118 additional freemen in 1631

14.  2 house legislature developed  Over 14 year period – membership in Puritan church replaced the purchase of stock as means of coming a freemen (voter)  General Court  Representative body of 2 houses  House of Assistants  House of Deputies

15.  Founded by Roger Williams  Purest of Puritans  True Church could have no relations with English government; Anglican establishment  No church was possible, unless perhaps one consisting of his wife and himself

16.  Purity of church required complete separation of church and state  1635 – banished to England  Aided by Narragansett Native Americans  Bought land from NA and established Providence  First town in America to legislate freedom of religion

17.  Refuge for dissenters who believed state had no right to coerce religious beliefs  1640 – formed confederation  1643 – secured first charter of incorporation as Providence Plantations  Govt based on consent of the people

18.  Believed ministers were hypocrites  This went against Puritan beliefs  Had meetings in her home to discuss sermons  Went before general court in 1637  Gen Winthrop – “We do not mean to discourse with those of your sex”

19.  Claimed divine inspiration and was convicted  Sought refuge in Portsmouth, south of Providence  Moved to New York in 1642

20.  Formed by groups of Massachusetts Puritans seeking better land and access to fur trade  Thomas Hooker  Organized self-governing colony in 1637 as response to the danger of attack from Pequot Indians  1639 – CT adopted Fundamental Orders, series of laws providing for a govt  Voting not limited to church members

21.  Region had 100,000 NA  Settlers saw NA as an alien race and an impediment to spiritual and economic goals  NA saw them as magical monsters  Settlers goal was subordination of NA  Initially – NA helped white settlers – developed flourishing trade (fur)  1610-1675  Abenakis declined from 12,000 to 3,000  Southern NE tribes 65,000 to 10,000

22.  1636 – settlers in MA accused a Pequot of murdering a colonist  Burned Pequot huts and killed them  Pequot chief attacked settlers  1637  Colonists and Narragansett allied killed 100s of Pequots  Sold surviving Pequots to slavery in Bermuda  Treaty of Hartford (1638) – Pequot Nation dissolved

23.  NA had to live under English laws (like not hunting on Sabbath)  Metacom – Wampanoag chief – Eng called him King Philip  1675  Burned and attacked settlements in NE  Over a year of brutality  Metacom died  Displayed Metacom’s head for 20 years  1/10 of colonial men died

24.  1692  Started when teenage girls entranced by African tales told by Tituba  Salem jail overflowed with accused  Hysteria ran course 10 months later  19 people hanged; 100 jailed  Almost all accused were women  Most had defied traditional gender roles or had no husbands or brothers or sons  http://www.history.com/topics/salem-witch- trials http://www.history.com/topics/salem-witch- trials