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Conservation Biology and Legislation
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1st federal law protecting wildlife
A Little History… U.S. Lacey Act of 1900: prohibits trade in wildlife, fish, and plants that have been illegally taken, transported or sold. 1st federal law protecting wildlife
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Conservation Biology Research an org. to find best way to protect the species and its surrounding habitat.
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In-Situ Conservation “In the field” conservation
Done by protecting them in their habitat.
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Ex-Situ Conservation “Out of the field” when few individs left
Conserving/ helping the population repopulate in a lab, zoo, aquarium.
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Bald Eagle Conservation
1963= 417 nesting pairs Loss of habitat, hunted, DDT Ex-Situ rehab. Aug 8, 07: off End Species List!
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Seed Banks Ex-Situ: Saves plants from destruction
Cryogenically frozen for future Stored in duplicate locations
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Ex-Situ: Breed plants and educate
Botanical Gardens Ex-Situ: Breed plants and educate
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Raising public awareness
Aquariums: Ex-Situ Grow corals Rehab injured animals Raising public awareness
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Artificial Insemination
Zoos: Ex-Situ Artificial Insemination Embryo Transfer Education
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National Conservation Orgs
Audubon Society American Cetacean Society National Wildlife Federation, Sierra Club, Tree People
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International Conservation Orgs
World Conservation Union (IUCN) World Wildlife Fund Nature Conservancy: Buys land to establish reserves
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1973 -illegal to import or trade products of E. S
1973 -illegal to import or trade products of E.S. unless used for science (USFWS) Species on list cannot be “taken”, threatened, killed, harmed: habitat can’t be harmed
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Decision must be made on biological basis Must develop a recovery plan
1350 species listed (4000 candidates)
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Problems w/ ESA Encourages people to destroy land before listing
No focus on ecosystem Is inflexible and political Focus on charismatic megafauna Only 8 species de listed
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International Laws CITES - Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species Created by IUCN Prohibits trade of live specimens or products of 900 species on list
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Ring-Tailed Lemur: App I Squirrel Monkey: App II
CITES Uses appendices for classification. Appendix 1: endangered. Appendix 2: threatened. An org. can be on both CITES and US ESA! Squirrel Monkey: App II
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Common Hippo: Vulnerable Angel Shark: Crit. Endang.
IUCN’s Red List Assess conservation status of global species. Use Critically Endangered, Endangered, and Vulnerable. Common Hippo: Vulnerable Angel Shark: Crit. Endang.
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International Whaling Commission
Regulates whaling Bans on gill-netting, purse seines Japan/Finland/Iceland no sign!
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Marine Mammal Protection Act
1972, All marine mammals are protected Prohibits "take” of marine mammals in U.S. waters and by U.S. citizens on the high seas
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How to Save End. Species Establish parks, preserves and wilderness areas that are not fragmented!
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How to Save End. Species Enforce legislation such as US ESA and CITES.
Support $$ env. organizations.
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Control human population and consumption!
How to Save End. Species Control human population and consumption!
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Restore damaged habitats Regulate private land use.
How to Save End. Species Restore damaged habitats Reforest Regulate private land use.
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