1. Genetics & Heredity

2. Meiosis Resulting cells have a different genetic configuration than the original cell. End product is 4 haploid gametes 2 divisions occur, not 1 Crossing over may occur 1 replication with 2 divisions

3. Independent assortment Genes on different chromosomes behave independently during meiosis. Separate chromosomes will separate into gametes independently of each other.

4. Meiosis parents gametes Male gametesFemale gametes

5. Punnet Squares Tt x Tt= genotype T t T t= gametes

6. Punnet Squares Tt x Tt= genotype T t x T t= gametes Male gametes T t

7. Punnet Squares-monohybrid cross Tt x Tt= genotype T t x T t= gametes Male gametes T t Female Gametes T t

8. Punnet Squares-monohybrid cross Tt x Tt= genotype T t x T t= gametes Male gametes T t Female Gametes T t T

9. Punnet Squares-monohybrid cross Tt x Tt= genotype T t x T t= gametes Male gametes Tt Female Gametes T t TTtTt

10. Punnet Squares-monohybrid cross Tt x Tt= genotype T t x T t= gametes Male gametes T t Female Gametes T t TTtTt tTtT

11. Punnet Squares-monohybrid cross Tt x Tt= genotype T t x T t= gametes Male gametes T t Female Gametes T t TTtTt tTtTt

12. Punnet Squares-monohybrid cross Tt x Tt= genotype T t x T t= gametes Male gametes T t Female Gametes T t TTtTt tTtTt Mendelian Ratios: Genotypic: 1TT: 2 Tt: 1tt Phenotypic: 3 dominant: 1 recessive

13. Chromosomes and Sex Determination Human sperm contains 23 chromosomes, 22 of which are autosomes and 1 which is the sex chromosome. Half the sperm have an “X” sex chromosome, the other 1/2 has a “Y” sex chromosome. The ovum also contains 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome; it’s sex chromosome has been designated “X”. XX zygote= female : XY zygote= male

14. Gamete combination possibilities In a situation with Green (yy) and Round (RR) versus yellow (YY) and wrinkled (rr) gametes would be yy X RR or4 yR –4 Yr Heterozygotes for these traits would be –Rr X Yy and the four gametes would be: YR Yr yR yr

15. Dihybrid Cross Genotypes: RrYy x RrYy Gametes: What are the gametes

16. Dihybrid Cross Genotypes: RrYy x RrYy Gametes: RY Ry rY ry RY Ry rY ry

17. Dihybrid Cross Genotypes: RrYy x RrYy Gametes: RY Ry rY ry RY Ry rY ry RY Ry rYry RY Ry rY ry

18. Dihybrid Cross Genotypes: RrYy x RrYy Gametes: RY Ry rY ry RY Ry rY ry RY Ry rYry RY Ry rY ry RRYYRRYy

19. Dihybrid Cross Genotypes: RrYy x RrYy Gametes: RY Ry rY ry RY Ry rY ry RY Ry rYry RY Ry rY ry RRYYRRYyRrYYRrYy RRYyRRyyRrYyRryy RrYYRrYyrrYYrrYy RrYyRryyrrYyrryy

20. Dihybrid Cross Genotypes: RrYy x RrYy Gametes: RY Ry rY ry RY Ry rY ry RY Ry rYry RY Ry rY ry RRYYRRYyRrYYRrYy RRYyRRyyRrYyRryy RrYYRrYyrrYYrrYy RrYyRryyrrYyrryy Mendelian Ratios: R-Y- 9/16rrY- 3/16 R-yy- 3/16rryy- 1/16