1. Human Reproduction

2. The Male Reproductive System
This consists of:
A pair of testes situated in a scrotum
The epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct and urethra
The accessory glands: seminal vesicles, prostate glands and Cowper’s glands
Penis

3. The Male Reproductive System

4. The Testis Testis are the male sex organs,
They occur in a bag like scrotum which lies outside the abdominal cavity
The testes produce sperm, which cannot survive long at body temperature. Sperm leave the body in semen, a fluid produced by the seminal vesicles.
Within each testis are found seminiferous tubules

5. The Testis These are lined by germinal epithelium cells
These cells produce the spermatozoa by spermatogenesis
Inside the seminiferous tubules, there are specialised cells called sertoli cells

7. nucleus containing DNA
Sex cells – sperm
In males, the sex cells are called sperm.
tail
middle piece
head
cell membrane
nucleus containing DNA
Sperm are produced in sex organs called testes.

9. Sperm cell

10. The Testis
These cells secrete the male sex hormone called testosterone
When sexual maturity (puberty) occurs, testosterone is responsible for the development of male characteristics

11. Ducts responsible for carrying the spermatozoa from the testis to the penis
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory ducts
Urethra

12. The Testis These cells are rich in glycogen
This glycogen serves as nutrients for the spermatids as they develop into sperm cells
Between the seminiferous tubules are intestitial cells called cells of Leydig

13. Tubes Responsible for carrying the spermatozoa
The epididymis is a coiled tube lying outside the testis but within the scrotum
It leads from seminiferous tubules, stores sperm temporarily
Later passes the sperm into vas deferens

14. Tubes responsible for carrying the spermatozoa- vas deferens
The vas deferens (sperm duct)
carries the spermatozoa from the epididymis
through the abdomen into the ejaculatory duct

16. Tubes responsible for carrying the spermatozoa- ejaculatory ducts
The two ejaculatory ducts join the urethra just after it leaves the bladder
Contraction of the muscular wall of the ducts forces its content (semen) through the urethra

17. Tubes responsible for carrying the spermatozoa - urethra
The urethra is a tube which runs through the penis and opens at the tip
It is a common tube for the passage of urine or semen

18. Accessory Glands
The tubes transporting the spermatozoa are joined by seminal vesicles:
prostate glands
and Cowper’s gland

19. Functions of accessory glands
These glands:
Secrete a fluid which promotes movement of the spermatozoa
Secretes a fluid which provides nutrition to the spermatozoa

20. Functions of the accessory glands
Seminal Vesicles
Secretes a fluid that nourishes and enables sperm to move.
Prostate gland
Secretes an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidity.
Cowper’s glands
Two glands by prostate that secrete a fluid that neutralizes acidity.

22. The Penis The penis is the external reproductive organ of the male
Made up of spongy tissue
Becomes filled with blood causing the penis to become erect
Then inserted into the female organ

24. The female reproductive system

25. An overview This system consists of: A pair of ovaries
A fallopian tube or oviduct
The uterus or womb
The vagina or birth canal
The vulva or external opening

27. Front View of female reproductive system

28. The Ovaries The ovaries are the female sex organs
Occur in the lower part of the abdominal cavity and are held in place by ligaments
Each ovary is made up of a covering of germinal epithelium with a large number of follicles within it

29. The Ovaries The germinal epithelium produces the follicles
Oogenesis takes place within the follicles to produce the ova
Follicles secrete the female hormones oestrogen and progesterone

32. The fallopian tubes (oviducts)
The fallopian tubes convey ova from the ovaries to the uterus
Upper part is expanded into ciliated funnels
Partially enclosed ovaries

33. The Uterus
The neck of the uterus, called the cervix, extends into the vagina
The uterus serves for the attachment of the embryo
Fertilisation takes place

34. The Uterus
Two fallopian tubes open into the uterus which is pear shaped, hollow organ with muscular walls
The ling of the uterus is called endometrium, is richly supplied with blood vessels