1. Reproductive system

2. Human reproductive system –Produces, stores, nourishes and transports functional gametes Fertilization –Fusion of sperm and immature ovum Forms zygote Reproductive Systems

3. Gonads Ducts Accessory organs and glands External genitalia Reproductive System Components

4. Fig 27.1 The scrotum is a pouch of skin Inside the scrotum there are two scrotal cavities that each contain a testis Male reproductive system

5. Males –Testes produce sperm –Expelled from body in semen during ejaculation Females Ovaries produces eggs –Travel along uterine tubes to uterus –Vagina connects uterus with exterior

6. Sperm produced in testes Travel along epididymus Ductus deferens Ejaculatory duct Urethra Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands –Secrete into ejaculatory ducts and urethra Scrotum –Encloses testes Penis –Erectile organ Male

8. Fig 27.1

9. Enclosed in scrotum –2 inches by 1 inch Descent of testes through inguinal canals –During 7 th month of development –Prior to descent, held in place by gubernaculum testis No descent - cryporchidism - sterile Testes

10. Diagrammatical sectional view at representative stages of the descent of the testes.

11. Layers of connective tissue, fascia and muscle Encloses ductus (vas) deferens, testicular artery, testicular vein and nerves Spermatic Cord Thermoregulation by muscles in Scrotum Dartos muscle wrinkles skin of scrotum Cremaster muscle pulls testes closer to body

13. Site of sperm production –Sperm move to straight tubule –On to rete testis Efferent ducts connect rete testis to epididymus Interstitial cells –Between seminiferous tubules –Secrete androgens Seminiferous tubules

14. Fig 27.7 Sperm is produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testis

16. Tunica vaginalis serous membrane cover Tunica albuginea fibrous capsule that surrounds testis Histology of the Testes

19. Head –Acrosomal cap Neck Middle piece Tail –Flagellum Anatomy of Sperm

20. Teste Histology

21. Epididymus receives spermatozoa from testes Head, body and tail regions of epididymus Monitors and adjusts composition of tubular fluid Recycles damaged spermatozoa Stores spermatozoa Capacitation

22. Begins at epididymus Passes through inguinal canal Enlarges near prostate to ampulla –Junction at base of seminal vesicle and ampulla Ejaculatory duct Empties to urethra Transports and stores spermatozoa Vas or Ductus Deferens

23. Male Urethra Three regions –Prostatic urethra –Membranous urethra –Penile urethra Urinary bladder through penis

24. Activate and provide nutrients to spermatozoa Produce buffers to neutralize acidity of female tract Include –Seminal vesicle –Prostate gland –Bulbourethral glands Accessory Glands Typical ejaculation releases 2-5 ml Sperm count typically 20 – 100 million per ml Seminal fluid is mixture of accessory gland secretions Contains enzymes Semen

25. Paired gland 60% semen volume Secretion high in fructose –Produces ATP for spermatozoa –Spermatozoa become active after contact with seminal fluids Seminal Vesicles

26. Secretes prostatic fluid 20-30% semen volume Prostaglandins Alkaline buffer prostate specific antigen (PSA) Prostate Gland

27. Paired glands Alkaline mucus secretion Lubricating properties Bulbourethral Gland

28. Root, body (shaft) and glans Prepuce (foreskin) surrounds tip Penis Three masses of erectile tissue –Two corpora cavernosa –One corpus spongiosum Surrounds urethra Erection governed by smooth muscles in arterial walls –Erectile tissues become engorged with blood

29. Fig 27.9

30. Frontal and cross sections showing the structures of the penis.

32. penis Corpora caveronsa Corpus spongiosum urethra