1. Organic Reactions Page 696 in Text Page 10:41 in Regents Review Book

2. Substitution  Definition: replacement of one kid of atom or group by another kind of atom or group in alkanes only  Example:

3. Addition  Definition: Adding one or more atoms at a double or triple bond in alkenes and alkynes but not in alkanes because there are no multiple bonds  Example:

4. Fermentation  Glucose is broken down into ethanol and carbon dioxide by enzymes C 6 H 12 O 6 → C 2 H 5 OH + CO 2 Glucose Ethanol Carbon Dioxide

5. Esterification  The reaction between an acid and an alcohol produce and ester and water Example: ethanoic acid + methanol → methyl ethanoate + water

6. Saponification  The reverse of esterification Esters break into acid and alcohol Produces soap Fat + Strong Base → soap + glycerol Salt of an acid Alcohol

7. Combustion  Burning a hydrocarbon in the presence of oxygen  Produces CO 2 + H 2 O

8. Polymerization  Smaller molecules (monomers) join together to form a larger molecule (polymers)  Condensation Polymerization – dehydration (remove water) to form a polymer  Naturally occuring polymers include starch, protein and cellulose. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.uwsp.edu/chemistry/tzamis/petpolymeranimate.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.uwsp. edu/chemistry/tzamis/condensationpolymer.html&h=144&w=767&sz=45&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=ICrvq9jBZmRwJM:&tbnh=27&t bnw=142&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcondensation%2Bpolymerization%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en- us%26sa%3DN

9. Polymerization  Addition Polymerization Monomers joining together by breaking a double or triple bond to form a polymer Ethene breaking bonds to form polyethylene