2. Bonus Trivia DNA Structure Translation Transcriptio n Replication 50 40 30 20 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50

3. Replication– 10 Points During what phase of the cell cycle does replication occur? S phase

4. Replication– 20 Points What is the name at which DNA begins to unwind? Origin of Replication

5. Replication– 30 Points What direction does replication occur in? What strand does replication occur continuously? 5’-3’ Leading strand

6. Replication– 40 Points What strand does not replicate continuously? What does it use to complete replication? Lagging Strand Okazaki Fragments

7. Replication– 50 Points Outline the use of each enzyme in the replication process. Helicase- unwinds DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds Single Stranded binding proteins- holds separated strands apart DNA polymerase III- add new nucleotides to complementary strand DNA polymerase I- replaces RNA primer with DNA RNA Primase- adds RNA primer DNA ligase- connects okazaki fragments

8. Transcription– 10 Points What is transcription? Synthesis of mRNA strand from template strand of DNA

9. Transcription– 20 Points What is the central dogma of biology? Info passes from genes on DNA to strands of mRNA, which determine the sequence of amino acids to produce proteins DNA  RNA  protein

10. Transcription– 30 Points What is the function of RNA polymerase? Separates DNA strands and adds nucleoside triphosphates to mRNA.

11. Transcription– 40 Points What is the promoter region? Sequence of nucleotides on DNA strand that signals for attachment of RNA polymerase and begins transcription TATA box

12. Transcription– 50 Points What is the difference between introns and exons? What process is used to separate the two? Introns are non-coding regions of DNA, exons are coding regions of DNA. Separated by splicing, which occurs at the end of transcription

13. Translation– 10 Points What is the process of translation? Process of interpreting genetic code on mRNA to form a protein

14. Translation– 20 Points What occurs during initiation? AUG codon signals for start of translation. tRNA molecule carrying MET binds to P site of ribosome

15. Translation– 30 Points What occurs during elongation? Elongation factors bring tRNA molecules to ribosomes, adding amino acid molecules to elongating polypeptide chain. Determined by sequence of nucleotides of mRNA

16. Translation– 40 Points Describe the process of termination. Stop codons on mRNA (UAA, UGA, UAG) signal for end of translation. Protein called release factor binds to A site, releases polypeptide chain and dissociates ribosome/mRNA complex

17. Translation– 50 Points Describe the process of translocation. Movement of tRNA molecules from one site of ribosome to another – tRNA in A site moves to P site, taking mRNA strand with it – tRNA in P site moves to E site and is released – New tRNA binds to mRNA at A site

18. DNA structure– 10 Points What composes the DNA backbone? Deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups

19. DNA structure– 20 Points What are the four types of nucleotides in DNA Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine

20. DNA structure– 30 Points The two strands of DNA in a double helix are antiparallel, meaning what? Meaning that they run in opposite direction, from 5’-3’

21. DNA structure– 40 Points How do the two strands bind to form a double helix? Which bases pair together? By hydrogen bonds A-T, G-C

22. DNA structure– 50 Points Compare DNA and RNA DNA is double stranded, contains deoxyribose sugar, and thymine RNA is single stranded, contains ribose sugars, and uracil

23. Random Trivia– 10 Points What date did the attack on pearl harbor occur? December 7, 1941

24. Random Trivia– 20 Points Who was Jerry Seinfeld’s nemesis on the hit tv series Seinfeld? Newman

25. Random– 30 Points What is the capital city of Iowa? Des Moines

26. Random Trivia– 40 Points What was the first building in the world to have more than 100 floors? Empire State Building

27. Random– 50 Points What is the only bone in the human body that doesn’t connect with another bone? The Hyoid