1. Mr. Marston Dominion Christian High School Marietta, GA Mr. Marston Dominion Christian High School Marietta, GA

2. Hittite Empire: 2000 B.C.

3. Hittites Not ruled by priest-kings Hittite king was commander of the army Feared military power Used iron weapons and chariots Made war against Egypt: weakened both sides

4. Hattusas: Capital of the Hittites

5. Hattusas

6. Hattusas – Lion’s Gate

7. Hittite Chariots & Warriors

8. A Balance of Power: 1200 B. C. E.

9. Hittite Writing

10. The Battle of Kadesh: Hittites vs. Egyptians Treaty of Kadesh Ramses II at Kadesh Largest chariot battle in history: 5,000 to 6,000 chariots Ramses II at Kadesh Largest chariot battle in history: 5,000 to 6,000 chariots

11. Phoenician Sea Routes

12. Phoenicia Group of city states along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Major cities: Sidon and Tyre Great sea-faring and trading people (spices, linen, wheat, cattle, horses, ivory, gold, tin) 2 most important trading items a. mollusk: purple dye (sign of royalty) b. lumber: cedar and fir trees

13. A Phoenician Bireme Ship

14. The “Royal Purple” Dye

15. Phoenician City of Byblos: “Home of the Alphabet” Uniform symbols to stand for distinct sounds Letters represented sounds Writing became simple for many people to understand Phoenician City of Byblos: “Home of the Alphabet” Uniform symbols to stand for distinct sounds Letters represented sounds Writing became simple for many people to understand

16. Phoenician Alphabet

17. Carthage: Phoenicia’s Mightiest Colony

18. The Arameans (Syrians) “ Crossroads of civilization” and link between Asia and Africa 1000 B.C. established small independent states Land empire that rivaled the sea empire of Phoenicians Damascus: capital of international trade Aramaic language was used as a “negotiating” language among the peoples of the Fertile Crescent -became common spoken language of region Damascus was destroyed by the Assyrians in 732 B.C.

19. Abraham’s Geneaology ABRAHAM SARAH HAGAR Isaac Esau Jacob 12 Tribes of Israel Ishmael 12 Arabian Tribes

20. Abrahamic Covenant 1. people 2. land of Canaan 3. Bless all on earth

21. Abraham’s Journey from Ur Canaan  The “Promised Land”

22. Abraham’s Journeys

23. Jacob’s people go to Egypt to escape famine Joseph saves his father’s family House of Judah most important: Israel’s kings

24. Yahweh’s “Covenant” With His People The Torah  The first 5 books of the Hebrew Torah.  The most sacred text in the Jewish religious tradition.  The first 5 books of the Hebrew Torah.  The most sacred text in the Jewish religious tradition.

25. Ancient Palestine

26. Land of Goshen, Egypt

27. Moses “Prince of Egypt” “Shepherd of His People”

28. The Exodus

29. Route of the Exodus

30. Mount Sinai

31. Moses and the 10 Commandmets A new “covenant” with Yahweh

32. Israelites wandering in the desert

33. King Saul: united the tribes of Israel

34. King David’s Empire

35. Solomon’s Kingdom Solomon’s Kingdom

36. King Solomon’s Temple Floor Plan The First Temple

37. The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall

38. Kingdoms of Judah & Israel Kingdoms of Judah & Israel

39. Israelites: Babylonian Captivity

40. Jewish Captives: 8 c BCE

41. Near Eastern Empires

42. The Assyrian Empire: created largest empire in the near East up to 650 B.C.

43. Assyrians Capital was Nineveh Adopted Sumerian and Amorite culture (gods, language, art, architecture, science, and literature) Assyrian military was unmatched in Near East Society was based on the military

44. Assyrian Military Power: iron weapons, siege towers, battering rams, war chariots Assyrian soldiers carrying away the enemy’s gods.

45. Assyrian Military Assyrian military start at 45 secondsAssyrian military start at 45 secondsAssyrian military start at 45 secondsAssyrian military start at 45 seconds

46. Sargon II: Assyrian King: destroyer of Samaria

47. Chaldean and Median armies destroy Nineveh in 612 B.C. Capital of Assyrian Empire destroyed

48. Babylon under the Chaldeans

49. Nebuchadnezzar II’s Babylon

50. Ishtar Gate

51. Hanging Gardens of Babylon?

52. Israelites in Captivity” Jewish Diaspora: Scattering

53. Chaldean accomplishments AstronomyAstronomy a.Chartered positions of planets and stars b. named constellations c.Predicted eclipses

54. End of Chaldean Empire in 539 BC Succeeded by Persian Empire

55. Persian Empire

56. Cyrus the Great Conquered the Lydians and King Croesus of Asia Minor in 546 B.C. Lydians developed coinage for exchange instead of barter system Allowed conquered foes some self-rule, tolerated their religious beliefs, and returned prisoners to their homeland

57. Cyrus the Great: Persian King: allowed the Jews to return to Israel and rebuild the temple

58. Persian accomplishments Masters of administrative control Divided empire into provinces (satrapies) overseen by a governor (satrap) appointed by the king System of roads Postal system Adopted coinage, writing, navy, and calendar from conquered peoples

59. Persian Religion: Zoroaster Monotheistic worship of Ahura Mazda Avesta: ancient writings of Zoroastrianism good vs. evil: world was battleground Afterlife: good works were more than evil.

60. Persians ruled ancient world until Alexander the Great 4BC