1. 1 Goal Three: Crisis, Civil War, and Reconstruction (1848-1877) - The learner will analyze the issues that led to the Civil War, the effects of the war, and the impact of Reconstruction on the nation. Objectives 3.01 Trace the economic, social, and political events from the Mexican War to the outbreak of the Civil War.

2. 2 JOURNAL Dating back to colonial times, the North and South were fundamentally different. The economy of the North was industrial, whereas the South was agricultural. These differences contributed to the Civil War. Do you think that today the North and the South are more similar than they are different? Explain.

3. 3 Pre Civil War: Goal 3 reasons for the Civil War Weak Presidents Stephen Douglas Compromise of 1850 Fugitive Slave Law, 1850 Personal liberty laws Free Soil Party Know Nothings Republican Party, 1854 North Against Freeing Slaves Follow the Drinking Gourd Underground Railroad “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 Two Governments in Kansas Lawrence, KS John Brown Bleeding Kansas Brooks-Sumner Incident Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 Lincoln\Douglas Debates Freeport Doctrine Oct. 1859: Harper’s Ferry Lincoln elected Secession of SC Confederate States of America “So you’re the little lady that got this war to starting’

4. 4 Timeline of the Civil War LONG TERM CAUSES 1793:1. INVENTION OF THE COTTON GIN  Why is this a cause of slavery? 1820:2. MISSOURI COMPROMISE (COMPROMISE OF 1820)  Why was the south was upset at the compromise? 1828:3. DOCTRINE OF NULLIFICATION  This created controversy over who’s right to nullify federal laws?  How is this a cause of the war? 1830:4. HAYNE-WEBSTER DEBATE  What did this debate focus on?

5. 5 Series of Weak Presidents All of the Presidents between Polk and Lincoln do little to ease sectionalism. They were too weak to prevent more sectionalism. Presidents Taylor, Fillmore, Pierce & Buchanan

6. 6 I’m going back to Cali What type of state would California be: free or slave? This upset the south because they thought the Missouri Compromise would apply here as it did in Louisiana. They were being stubborn and some talked of secession.

7. 7 Stephen A. Douglas and the Compromise of 1850 Key leaders: Clay, Calhoun, Webster Stephen A. Douglas would get the compromise passed through Congress, though! Many of the above leaders were old, tired and nearing death and couldn’t continue on. Douglas passed each part of the bill individually to ensure passage. Henry Clay Stephen Douglas 1852

8. 8 Write this! Who does this benefit the most?

9. 9 FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW Passed in 1850 it provided for the recovery of escaped slaves. Slave catchers had to appear before a judge and make a legal claim. Judges ruled ex parte and received $10 ($279 paperwork fee) if they ruled a black person was a slave and $5 ($140) if not. Slavery was finally seen up close by the north and how they were treated.

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12. 12 Personal Liberty Laws Northern states began to pass laws against the fugitive slave law to protect runaway slaves Guaranteed jury trials that northern lawyers dragged out

13. 13 Free Soil Party Political party founded in 1848 & nominated former Pres. Martin Van Buren Opposed the extension of slavery in the territories (hence the “soil” should be “free” of slavery) Are they abolitionists? Do they see blacks as equals? Can one be a racist & abolitionist?

14. 14 Here come the Know Nothings The Know Nothings filled the gap and became a second political party, though short lived. The basis of their party was nativism  Nativism = native-born or Anti-immigrant, anti- Catholic, xenophobic Kenneth Rayner, NC One of the first “Know-Nothing” candidates

15. 15 Republican Party Forms Those not wishing to join the Democrats had to find a new party… Republicans Most Republicans want to stop slavery from expanding; not abolition After the Ks-Neb. Act, 1854, the party was formed around several issues: abolition (territories) was among them. War Hero John C. Fremont was the first candidate for President from the party John C. Fremont

16. 16 Split in Parties over Slavery!!! Know Nothings Free Soilers Former Whigs Northern Democrats Southern Democrats Democrats Republicans

17. 17 Northerners for slavery Many northerners were against freeing the slaves because they might compete with them for jobs.

18. 18 When the sun comes back" means winter and spring when the angle of the sun above the horizon at noon is getting higher each day. Quail are migratory birds which winter in the South. The Drinking Gourd is the Big Dipper. The old man is Peg Leg Joe. The verse tells slaves to leave in the winter and walk towards the Drinking Gourd. Eventually they will meet a guide who will escort them for the remainder of the trip. When the sun goes back and the first quail calls Follow the drinking gourd The old man is a-waitin' for to carry you to freedom Follow the drinking gourd Chorus Follow the drinking gourd, follow the drinking gourd For the old man is a-waitin' to carry you to freedom Follow the drinking gourd The river bed makes a mighty fine road, Dead trees to show you the way And it's left foot, peg foot, traveling on Follow the drinking gourd The river ends between two hills Follow the drinking gourd There's another river on the other side Follow the drinking gourd I thought I heard the angels say Follow the drinking gourd The stars in the heavens gonna show you the way Follow the drinking gourd

19. 19 Follow the Drinking Gourd Slave song that told of a route to escape to the north; Big Dipper

20. 20 The Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman Escape route to the northEscape route to the north Harriet Tubman was one of the conductorsHarriet Tubman was one of the conductors Helped her own parents escape and 300 othersHelped her own parents escape and 300 others She made 19 trips to the southShe made 19 trips to the south Had a price of $40,000 on her headHad a price of $40,000 on her head A few thousand escapedA few thousand escaped Quakers often helped themQuakers often helped them

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22. 22 Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin Wrote Uncle Tom’s CabinWrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin Showed the truth about slavery to the northShowed the truth about slavery to the north Stowe had never been to the deep south, but saw slavery on the Ohio borderStowe had never been to the deep south, but saw slavery on the Ohio border Sold over 300,000 copies in one yearSold over 300,000 copies in one year The North loved it and the south hated itThe North loved it and the south hated it Showed what the south didn’t want people to knowShowed what the south didn’t want people to know

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24. 24 Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 Introduced by Stephen Douglas to organize the territory which was above the 36,30 line. Created popular sovereignty in Kansas & Neb.  Popular sovereignty – the idea that the people of a state can decide on slavery. Not the Federal gov’t. Seemed to nullify the Missouri Compromise Led to the creation of the Republican Party He made the abolitionists mad!!!

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26. 26 Two Govts. In Kansas Slavery would be decided in Kansas by popular sovereignty  During the vote, some people from Missouri crossed to border and voted  Which way would they vote? There was a pro slavery and anti slavery govt. in Kansas and each claimed they were the legitimate government, which created a mini civil war called “Bleeding Kansas”.

27. 27 Lawrence, Kansas Lawrence, Kansas was an Anti slavery town attacked by pro-slavery people John Brown (abolitionist radical) fought back at Pottawatomie Creek. He and his sons attacked a pro-slavery town and killed 5 pro-slavery men at Pottawattamie Creek He pulled them from their beds and hacked them with swords Brown left the Kansas territory P-H Map

28. 28 More Problems Develop 1856: Northerner Charles Sumner is attacked in Congress after he gave a speech supporting a free Kansas by southern Congressman Preston Brooks He used a golden tipped cane Southern sympathizers sent Brooks new canes

29. Charles Sumner claimed, (Senator Butler from SC) the "Don Quixote" of slavery, having "chosen a mistress.... who, though ugly to others, is always lovely to him, though polluted in the sight of the world, is chaste in his sight... the harlot slavery.“ Brooks was Butler’s nephew.

30. 30 James Buchanan James Buchanan is elected president in 1856. He was a Democrat and a weak president Although from PA, he owed Southern Democratic supporters for his win in 1856. Therefore, he supported the pro-slavery Kansas government. He splits the Democrats into North & South.

31. 31 Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 Scott was taken from the south to the north  He thought since he was on free soil, that he was free The Chief Justice Taney of the Supreme Court ruled the following:  Blacks were not citizens  Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional  Congress couldn’t prevent slavery from expanding First time since Marbury v. Madison a federal law was declared unconstitutional Many of the justices were southerners and the Chief Justice owned slaves

32. 32 Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln Debates (1858) Race for the Illinois Senate They were complete opposites Key issue is debate over slavery Douglas proposed the Freeport Doctrine  slavery should be determined by popular sovereignty in the territories Lincoln said that Dred Scott Decision said that the territories couldn’t exclude slavery  Abe saw slavery as a moral evil.  Wasn’t an abolitionist, but wanted to halt the expansion of slavery  Douglas wins.

33. 33 Oct. 16, 1859 Harper’s Ferry, Va. John Brown led 18 to the arsenal at Harper’s Ferry and went to get weapons and incite a slave rebellion It was put down by federal troops led by Robert E. Lee & Brown was hanged for treason/terrorism. “I am quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood” John Brown

34. 34 Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln is elected the first Republican President His election leads to the secession of South Carolina and later on, six other southern states follow  How long before Lincoln can do anything about secessionist states leaving? The election is the immediate cause of the Civil War

35. 35 What do you see that allows Lincoln to win?

36. 36 Territories do NOT vote…

37. 37 Abraham Lincoln Republican  1,865,908 39.8% 180 electoral votes John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat  848,019 18.1% 72 John Bell Constitutional Union/Whig  590,901 12.6% 39 Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat  1,380,2022 9.5% 12 Total 4,685,561voters 100%

38. 38 Confederate States of America The Southern States form the Confederate States of America. (new country?) Jefferson Davis became the President of the Confederacy Stars and Bars Navy Jack

39. Stop You have ½ hour to work on your Civil War map. Pg. 203, 204 219 (border states) 233 (Confederate states) We will take start taking Civil War notes at the end of the ½ hour.