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Published byMillicent Bond Modified over 9 years ago
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PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL ...a discussion of the strategies and methods available to achieve control of health hazards.
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CONTROL ASSUMPTIONS All hazards can be controlled to some degree by some method. Alternative approaches are available. More than one approach may be needed. Cost-effectiveness varies with approach. A given approach may not completely control the hazard.
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HIERARCHY OF CONTROL STRATEGIES
PREVENTION (?) ENGINEERING ADMINISTRATIVE includes work practices PERSONAL PROTECTION
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SITUATION NO. 1 Design of a plan for assembly of metal cabinets included a need to join several pieces of metal together and welding was being considered. Traditional exposure control is based on ventilation and/or respirators. What are some prevention options for the IH?
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CONTROL BEGINS @ DESIGN
technologically more difficult to retrofit always more expensive after design industrial hygiene input to design design criteria must include consideration for worker safety Institute for Safety Through Design
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IMPLEMENTING CONTROLS
Identify the hazard. Define sources of exposure. Characterize worker involvement. Understand air flow patterns. Examine control options. Select/implement proper controls. Follow-up, test, maintain controls.
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SITUATION NO. 2 A plan view of a grain handling system in a food manufacturing plant Two workers in the building emissions, air movement, worker activities, etc.
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ENGINEERING CONTROLS SUBSTITUTION ISOLATION ENCLOSURE
PROCESS MODIFICATION VENTILATION DILUTION LOCAL EXHAUST
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Industrial vs. Non-industrial Environments
Mines, manufacturing facilities, plants Dusts from mines, solvents, heavy metals, vehicle emissions, grinding Non-industrial Stores, offices, warehouses Tobacco smoke, ozone, mold spores, formaldehyde, products from remodeling (adhesives, paints), cleaners
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A word about contaminant form...
particulates dusts fumes smoke fibers mists/fogs gases vapors
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SUBSTITUTION generally applies to chemical hazards
a “hazardous” material is replaced by one of less hazard some examples potential problems with this approach
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ISOLATION/CONTAINMENT
a barrier is placed between hazard and workers physical or distance some examples potential problems with this approach
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PROCESS MODIFICATION equipment, or its use, is modified so as to reduce hazard some examples potential problems with this approach
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GENERAL VENTILATION contaminant is diluted to acceptable level
usually less effective than LEV not for “settleable” contaminants some examples
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LOCAL EXHAUST contaminant is captured at or near point of release
usually the most desirable approach can be used for toxic materials some examples
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