1. sponsors: International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS Science Festival Warsaw Agricultural University organizers:

2. Explore your own DNA - what is it all about? Comparison of the length of the DNA fragments purified and amplified from participants’ cells Investigation of genetic polymorphism in locus D1S80 among the population of workshop participants Which really means...

3. Genetic differences: visible (eye colour, skin colour...) invisible (activity of alcohol dehydrogenase) SNP – single nucleotide polymorphism VNTR - Variable Number Tandem Repeats People are different People are different Alleles: Different versions of genes Polymorphism: Differences in DNA which are not essential for phenotype

4. Brief introduction ‘Test your DNA’ experiment is based on a principle discovered by Alec Jeffreys (now Sir Alec Jeffreys) in 1985 During his studies of the human genome he found that there are specific regions in our DNA that consist of sequences that are repeated several times (VNTR= Variable Number Tandem Repeats) Jeffreys called these sequences ‘minisatellites’ These sequences are extremely variable among individuals (including parents, but not identical twins)

6. DNA fingerprinting technology (based on analysis of several different minisatellite regions in one individual) is used in forensic medicine, paternity testing, ecology and population genetics etc. It is a method for unique identification of an individual (including animals), tissues or cells of an individual. Why are the minisatellites so important?

7. Why D1S80 ? - it is an example of minisatelite region of human DNA - it is frequently used to identify individuals – during for example criminal investigations, identification of human remains... - is not connected to any known disease or phenotype - fragments can easily be separated by agarose gel electrophoresis (fragment lengths 200–600 bp)

8. Location: shorter arm of the first chromosome Function: non-coding DNA Unit of repeat: 16 nucleotides Number of repeats: 14–43 Number of alleles: 29 D1S80 - basic information

9. D1S80.....aagcgctggctcag tgtcagcccaaggaag acagaccacaggcaag gaggaccaccggaaag gaagaccaccggaaag gaagaccaccggaaag gaagaccacaggcaag gaggaccaccggaaag gaagaccaccggcaag gaggaccaccggcaag gaggaccaccaggaag gaggaccaccagcaag gaggaccaccagcaag gaggaccaccagcaag gaggaccaccagcaag gaggaccaccaggaag gaggaccaccaggaag gaggaccaccggcaag gaggaccaccaggaag gaggaccaccaggaag gaggaccaccaggaag gaggaccaccgggaag gaggaccaccagcaag gaggaccaccagcaag gaggaccaccagcaag gaggaccaccaggaag gaggaccaccagcaag gaggaccaccagcaag gaggaccaccagcaag gaggaccaccaggaag gaggaccaccaggaag gaggaccaccggcaag gaggaccaccaggaag gagaaccaccaggaag gaggaccaccaggaag gaggaccaccggcaag gaggaccaccaggaag gagaaccaccaggaag gaggaccaccaggaag gaggaccaccaggaag gaggaccactggcaag gaagaccaccggcaag...

10. ~86% population is heterozygous There are 435 possible combinations of alleles The most frequent alleles are 18 and 24 Heterozygotes and homozygotes

11. Badano osób:1950 Number of allele: Frequency 160.0013 170.0023 180.2380 190.0046 200.0215 210.0108 220.0485 230.0156 240.3310 250.0802 260.0223 270.0192 280.0367 Frequency in population

12. F – father M – mother C – child o – non-related person Person B Person CPerson D evidence Matka Dziecko Oskarżony Dowód FM C Examples o Person B Person C Person D evidence

13. sponsors: International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS Science Festival Warsaw Agricultural University organizers: