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EPBC listed taxon - the northern quoll Genetic analysis and spatial use of northern quolls from the Pilbara Peter Spencer School of Veterinary and Life.

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Presentation on theme: "EPBC listed taxon - the northern quoll Genetic analysis and spatial use of northern quolls from the Pilbara Peter Spencer School of Veterinary and Life."— Presentation transcript:

1 EPBC listed taxon - the northern quoll Genetic analysis and spatial use of northern quolls from the Pilbara Peter Spencer School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Ric How Linc Schmitt Annette Cook Keith Morris Mia Hillyer Jonathan Webb Consultant community

2 Why use genetic methodology ? Identical to genetic profiling used in human forensics The technology is very powerful We used 11 different microsatellite markers for genotyping quolls The probability that 2 quolls will have the same genotype is >>1 in 100 million Genes are a measure of the individual The genes carry ‘historical’ information also Can look at different time scales & evolutionary questions P ID = 1.63 x 10 15 individuals

3 Important questions that population genetics can contribute to our collective knowledge of quolls in the Pilbara Measuring genetic diversity Prioritising which populations are more genetically ‘important’ How are the quolls structured ? (small discrete, or large populations?) Are the population being impacted (e.g. decreasing/increasing demographic trend, bottlenecked?) How are quolls using the landscape (dispersal etc.)

4 Study aims The aims of this genetic study were to determine the; 1.diversity and ‘genetic importance’ of the quolls in the Pilbara region; 2.population structure, or regional management units; 3.population trajectory (decreasing/increasing demographic trend) 4.Relationship between genetic relatedness and spatial distribution, to infer how quolls use the landscape in different regions of the Pilbara.

5 Schmitt, How et al. 2009 From WA Museum samples 47% (n=7) 73% (n=10) 64% (n=2)

6 What did the genetic data show? PopulationNo. Heterozygosity (%) No. of alleles Pilbara19 Robe River10735.4 Woodstock2641.6 Dolphin Island7472.8 Kimberley478012 Bigge Isl. Boongarie Isl. Kimberley mainland Koolan Isl. Pilbara

7 We now have a lot more sampling sites !!

8 BHPB Rail sites (n = 33) Rail Quarry 16 Rail Control 14 Rail Quarry 217 Rail Control 25 Rail Quarry 31 Poondano sites (n = 63) Poondano Central 120 Poondano West7 Granite Outcrop2 Granite Range 112 Granite Range 23 Table Top Hill14 Poondano East5 Yarrie sites (n = 33) Nimingarra Mine14 Callawa19 Pannawonica (n = 42) Pannawonica23 Red Hill Station19 Abydos Station39 Turner River*23 McPhee Creek11 Robe River10 Dolphin Island7 Headland (100km SE)3 Mt Dove2 Woodstock2 Hamersley1 Mars Rd1 Nullagine1 Wheatstone/Onslow1 Increased sampling 32 sampling locations 13 sites with >10 samples collected 12 sites with <5 samples 4 sites with multiple locations 234 samples analysed (previously 19)

9 Study aims 1.diversity and ‘genetic importance’ of the quolls in the Pilbara region; 2.population structure, or regional management units; 3.population trajectory (decreasing/increasing demographic trend) 4.relationship between genetic relatedness and spatial distribution, to infer how quolls use the landscape in different regions of the Pilbara.

10 How does sampling low numbers of quolls influence our diversity indices ?

11 Does sample size effect diversity ? Most measures are useful for samples of 5 (or more) quolls The number of alleles is sensitive to sampling effects More than 5 quolls in a population capture 80% of the information Single individuals are useful for assignment testing! Big, scary table coming!.......

12 Sampling location n NANA HEHE HOHO F BHPB Rail sites Rail Quarry 1 6 4.00.7510.727-0.112 Rail Control 1 4 3.80.7080.727-0.187 Rail Quarry 2 17 5.60.7500.7020.026 Rail Control 2 5 4.40.7860.782-0.176 Yarrie sites Nimingarra Mine 8 4.80.7310.716-0.039 Callawa 19 5.60.7360.706-0.006 Abydos Station 39 4.90.7260.6560.078 Turner River 23 6.20.7050.6640.028 McPhee Creek 11 5.20.7570.6600.070 Pannawonica 23 5.50.6900.691-0.029 Red Hill Station 19 5.50.7010.6290.076 Poondano site Poondano Central 1 13 5.80.7640.6430.123 Poondano Central 3 5 3.90.6910.6090.003 Poondano West 7 4.70.7300.697-0.040 Granite Range 1 12 5.60.7840.7380.017 Table Top Hill 14 6.30.7530.6890.046 Poondano East 5 3.70.6640.589-0.029 Robe River 10 5.5 0.7260.736 Dolphin Island 7 2.8 0.4740.390

13 What does the additional genetic data show? PopulationNo.Heterozygosity (%) No. of alleles Pilbara23477 (70)10.3 (5.5) Dolphin Island7472.8 Kimberley328411.1 Kimberley Islands600404.1 Kakadu, N.T.54737.9

14 Study aims 1.diversity and ‘genetic importance’ of the quolls in the Pilbara region; 2.population structure, or regional management units; 3.population trajectory (decreasing/increasing demographic trend) 4.relationship between genetic relatedness and spatial distribution, to infer how quolls use the landscape in different regions of the Pilbara.

15 How are northern quolls related at a landscape scale? Pilbara samples Kimberley Mainland/ Islands Kakadu, NT

16 Study aims 1.diversity and ‘genetic importance’ of the quolls in the Pilbara region; 2.population structure, or regional management units; 3.population trajectory (decreasing/increasing demographic trend); 4.relationship between genetic relatedness and spatial distribution, to infer how quolls use the landscape in different regions of the Pilbara.

17 Population expansion / decline Declining Expanding NowIn the past Bayesian posterior probabilities, requiring supercomputer for calculations

18 Population expansion / decline No quoll population shows a genetic signatures of decline (or expansion!) No evidence of any genetic bottlenecks in the northern quoll In populations that have been through a genetic bottlenecks, there is loss of those rare alleles In ‘normal’ populations, there are lots of rare alleles Expect an L-shaped distribution.

19 Study aims 1.diversity and ‘genetic importance’ of the quolls in the Pilbara region; 2.population structure, or regional management units; 3.population trajectory (decreasing/increasing demographic trend); 4.Relationship between genetic relatedness and spatial distribution, to infer how quolls use the landscape in different regions of the Pilbara.

20 Spatial autocorrelation A quoll is more related to another quoll

21 Can we infer how male and female quolls use space ? (sex-biased dispersal)

22 Yarrie site(s)

23 10 km 5 sites 33 samples

24 How quolls use space at different sampling locations

25 Poondano site(s)

26 ~ 5 km 10 site(s), 9 had DNA sampling 63 samples, mostly sub-adult (between 2 - 14 samples/site)

27 Poondano site(s) Series of mesas and granite outcrops

28 How quolls use space at different sampling locations De-clutter

29 How quolls use space at different sampling locations De-clutter

30 How quolls use space at different sampling locations

31 Poondano site(s) Series of mesas and granite outcrops

32 Dispersal ability in quolls

33 Key findings from the genetic work The northern quolls from the Pilbara region; Comprise a single (genetic) management unit Sampling sites maintain high levels of diversity No one population has more diversity than another Contain lowest diversity of all northern quoll populations (with the exception of some islands) No signatures of decline or genetic bottlenecks Show male-biased dispersal Highly vagile Remarkable adaptable

34 What are the key areas for future research Need a bigger, better population-focus Like the Kimberley, before/after toads – the Pilbara will play an important role in quantifying Extinction Debt in the Kimberley? Spatial use is intriguing – Interesting to look at radio-tracking information – More data is needed on ‘genetic space’ Plug: please continue to collect tissue !!

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