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Published byRhoda Perkins Modified over 9 years ago
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Introducing ArcGIS Chapter 1
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Objectives Understand the architecture of the ArcGIS program. Become familiar with the types of data files used in ArcGIS. Learn how to explore data files using ArcCatalog.
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Storing Map Data Vector vs. Raster x, y coordinates (sometimes z) Attribute Information represented (i.e., soil type) Georeferenced Tied to a specific location on the Earth’s surface
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Vector Model Features X, Y coordinates Points Lines Polygons
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Vector Model Point 1 x, y coordinate Line 2 x, y coordinates Nodes Polygon More than 2 x, y coordinates Vertex (vertices)
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Vector Model Feature Classes 1 type of geometry Share a table containing their attributes Have like attributes
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Vector Model FID (feature identification code) Thematic mapping Displaying features based on their value
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Vector Model Storing feature classes Shapefiles (shp) One feature class Coverages
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More storage… Feature Datasets Roads Traffic lights Railroads Gas stations
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Fact of the day…. A regular hen's egg has about 7,000 tiny pores in its shell.
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Two basic models… Topological Stores spatial relationships between features in addition to their x, y coordinates. Spaghetti Stores spatial features as a series of x, y coordinates Does not store topological relationships
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Benefits of Vector Stores with high degree of precision Flexibility Mapmaking Compact storage Certain types of analysis
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Drawbacks of Vector Does not store continuous information well Elevation, precipitation, etc. Time consuming analysis for some types
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Raster Model
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Grid-cell Row and column Land use Resolution Higher=more precise Lower=less precise
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Two types of Raster Discrete Few values repeat themselves Roads Continuous Range smoothly from one location to another Elevation
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Benefits of Raster Continuous data Analysis are simple to perform Map algebra Algebraic expression
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Drawbacks to Raster Precision vs. storage Ability to store attributes To store geology and infiltration values, need two rasters
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ArcGIS overview ArcMap Display, analyze, edit spatial data ArcCatalog Viewing and maintaining spatial data files ALWAYS use to delete, copy, rename, move files
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ArcToolbox Collection of tools and functions More can be downloaded
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Data Files Shapefiles Only one feature class Points, lines, polygons Green icons Must contain: .shp The main file that stores the feature geometry .shx The file that stores the index of the feature geometry .dbf The database of attributes
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Coverages Oldest Multiple feature sets.adf (arc data file) Yellow icons
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Geodatabases Multiple feature classes Include tables Rules Stop light must be on road 2 types: Personal Ind. & Microsoft Access Enterprise Groups and editing
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Database connections Permits users to log in and utilize data from an enterprise geodatabase.
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Layer Files Does not contain spatial data How it should be displayed Store symbols
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Rasters Binary format
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Tables Unassociated with spatial data set Standalone tables .dbf (dBase format)
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Others Grids Raster format Internet Servers Image=print Feature=download TINs Triangulated Irregular Networks 3-D
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CAD drawings Created in CAD can be read by ArcGIS Cannot be edited unless converted
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Metadata Data about data Who created? Time relevant? Coordinate system? What the fields mean?
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Context Menus Right click on name
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Left click on symbol
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Right click on symbol
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Object Properties
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Arc Catalog ALWAYS used to copy, delete, rename, modify spatial data. Viewing files
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Preview tab Geography or Table
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Metadata Decode what the information is telling you!!!
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ArcToolbox About 30 tools Develop your own tools ModelBuilder
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Thank you for your time…. I know that it has been a LOOOONNGG day, but you will get to practice, I promise!!!!
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