1. Upgraded Emission Inventory of Pakistan for the Year 2005 By Sajjad Saeed Imran Shahid 2 Dr. Shoaib Raza 2 1- Pakistan Meteorological Department, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2- Global Change Impact Studies Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. Upgraded Emission Inventory of Pakistan for the Year 2005 By Sajjad Saeed 1,2 Imran Shahid 2 Dr. Shoaib Raza 2 1- Pakistan Meteorological Department, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2- Global Change Impact Studies Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3rd Malé Declaration emissions inventory workshop (28th Jan – 01 st Feb 2008), AIT Bangkok.

2. Introduction  Pakistan is located within the latitudinal and longitudinal extensions 24°N to 37°N and 61°E to 76°E respectively  The country is located in sub-tropics as well as in temperate region  Total Population of Pakistan is 151.55 millions (78.86 m Males and 72.69 m Females).  Total number of registered vehicles in Pakistan is 5209016.  Total Road Length is 259758 km (162879 High type and 96879 Low type).  Approximately 36 groups of small and large industries are working in the country.

3. Physiographic Map of Pakistan GCISC/PMD

4. Environmental Issues in Pakistan  Unchecked use of hazardous Chemicals, vehicle emissions and Industrial activity has contributed to a number of Environmental issues and health hazards (such as water pollution).  Much of the country lacks potable water owing to the industrial waste and agricultural runoff that has contaminated the drinking water.  The widespread use of the low quality fuel combined with a substantial increase in the number of vehicles has led to significant air pollution (U.S Energy Information Administration 2005). (U.S Energy Information Administration 2005).

5. Data Used Activity data was collected from:  Pakistan Statistical Year Book 2005.  Pakistan Energy Year book 2005  IEA and FAO datasets.  Some other sources available on internet.

6. Emissions from Combustion in Manufacturing Industries

7. Emissions from Agriculture Sector

8. Emission from Transport Sector

9. Emissions from Combustion in Energy Industries

10. Emissions from Combustion in Other Sectors

11. Emissions from Industrial Processes

12. Fugitive Emissions from Fuels

13. Emission from Solvents and other products used and Human Excreta

14. Emissions from Vegetation Fires and Forestry

15. Total Anthropogenic Emissions during the Year 2005

16. Conclusions  The major pollutants emitted from different sources in Pakistan are CO,NH 3.and PM10 and NMVOC..  The major source of CO are the combustions in manufacturing industries and other sectors like residential, commercial, agriculture, Forestry, Fishing etc. Where as PM10 is mainly emitted from the transport sector and the industrial processes which includes the production of metals, mineral products, chemicals etc.  Maximum emission of NH 3 is from Agriculture sector due to excessive use of N-containing fertilizers, manure management and burning of agriculture crops residue.

17. Problems Encountered Problems Encountered  Lack of relevant activity data. The data available is not in proper format.  The sector ‘Vegetation Fires and Forestry’ and sub sector ‘Waste incineration’ are not covered due to un availability of data. FAO data available on Vegetation Fires and Forestry for the period 1990-2000 was used to fill this gap.  The data from large point sources was not available for the above period.

18. Acknowledgements  Special thanks are due to Mr. Harry Vallack, Stockholm Environment Institute, York, for his kind guidance and valuable comments on the previous work of one of us (S.S) on emission inventory which was presented in the 2 nd workshop held during 26 th February– 02 nd March, 2007, in AIT, Bangkok Thailand.