1. Archaic Age of Greece Rise of the πολις /city-state Colonial Expansion around Mediterranean Governmental upheavals Rise of Tyrants Common religious pursuits

2. Main City-States of Greece Athens Sparta Corinth Thebes Megara Aegean island states (e.g. Samos, Chios, Lesbos) Asia Minor city states (esp. Miletus)

3. Early Polis Includes dependent rural territory Centered around defensible citadel (acropolis) Rudimentary political authority/institutions Agrarian, classed society with strong family units Extreme local particularism (e.g. hero- worship)

4. Unifying all Hellenes Religious festivals Panionian Festival Oracle & Shrine of Delphi League of Amphictyones Festival of Zeus at Olympia & Games Pythian Games Nemean Games Isthmian Games Language Homer

5. Battle of Lapiths & Centaurs (Civilization vs. Barbarians) Pediment of temple to Zeus at Olympia

6. 800-500 BC Economic Development-extended colonies Polis-political evolutions and class friction (e.g., story of Pisistratus and factionalism in Athens) Literature- Hesiod & Lyric often at variance with Homeric values Rise of Hoplite-based military tactics

7. Polis systems- early Monarchy- Basileus Aristocracy- Aristoi e.g. Athens & Corinth- abuses of aristocracy led to tyrants

8. Colonies Rise of industry & wealth led to class extremes (hereditary dominance of aristocrats & debt slavery of poor) Growth of cities led to demands for food & raw materials Process – metropolis sends out founding group E.g. settlements in Italy and France to west north to Chalcidice on the Black Sea south to Naucratis in Egypt

10. Tyrannies Athens- Peisistratus & sons Megara- Theagenes Miletus- Thrasybulus Sicyon-Cleisthenes Corinth-Cypselus & Periander & Psammetichus

11. Policies of Tyrants Construction programs Glorification of city-state Colonization continued Patronage of poets & artists Organization of cities

12. Benefits of Tyrannies Increased state power by lessening power of leading families Pursued ambitious foreign policies Hoplite fighting added to power of state by encouraging cooperation in ranks Put state money to work in glorification of cities

13. Only Sparta never had a Tyrant Lycurgus, the original lawgiver Dorian invaders Helots & Messenians revolting Military State evolved Gerousia

15. Phalanx Formation A solid wall of shields and spears, the hoplites stood shoulder to shoulder.