1. DO NOW  Describe the ways in which Classical Greece has influenced aspects of ‘Murican politics and society.  Get ready to sing Chinese Dynasty Song: Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han Sui, Tang, Song Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic Mao Zedong

2. Period 2: Period 2: Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies (c. 600 B.C.E. to c. 600 C.E.)

3. Key Concepts   2.1 The Development and Codification of Religious and Cultural Tradition   2.2 The Development of States and Empires   2.3 Emergence of Transregional Networks of Communication and Exchange

4. The Mediterranean World

5. Minoan Civilization  Crete, ca 1700 BCE

6.  Fertile Soil  Isolation  Limited Resources encouraged immigration, trade  Trade and contact with Egypt, Mesopotamia, other Mediterranean islands  Wealthy  Little evidence of military

7.  Artistic  Social and Gender Equality  Anthropomorphic religion with Goddesses dominant

8. The Palace of Knossos

9. Minoan Art

12. Linear A and B

13. The Mycenaeans  Settled in mainland Greece before and after the Minoan collapse  Minoan weakness allowed Mycenaeans to gain strength

15. Mycenean Culture WarlikePatriarchal Adapted Minoan culture Monarchies Merchants and traders Wealth concentrated in hands of monarchs Major cities: Mycenae, Tiryns

21. Mycenaean Decline  Conflict between Troy and Mycenae Population decline in cities Ca 1100 BCE, cities abandoned

22. The Real Trojan War

23. Troy Ruins

24. Development of the Polis  Ca 800 BCE: Trade revived  Market places formed in villages  Small villages combined for better trade and self-defense  City-states developed around acropolises

26. Classical Greece ca 750- ca 350 BCE

27. Classical Greece  Independent city- states (polises)  Two dominant city states: Athens and Sparta  Patriarchal  Polytheistic

28. Athenian Political Development  All polises began as monarchies  Monarchies were replaced by oligarchies: rule by a few.  Oligarchies are also called aristocracies

29. Notable Athenian Oligarchs  Draco: harsh laws  Known for his harsh laws  Death was a punishment even minor offenses  Solon: wise laws  He is credited for laying the foundations for democracy

30. Cleisthenes: Father of Democracy  508/507 BCE  All citizens members of the Assembly (direct democracy)  Citizens: male property owners over 21, born in Athens  Council of 500 the governing body  Assembly met in the agora (market place)

31. Society in Athens  Patriarchic society  Women excluded from the democratic system  Women were not given an education  Only landowning citizens could participate in democracy  Outsiders were often not granted citizenship  Slaves:  People who had a lot of debt  Prisoners of war

32. Religion in Athens  Polytheistic Religion  Had a Pantheon of gods  Their gods controlled different elements of nature  Religion integrated into literature and visual arts  Gods were a center for storytelling

33. Culture in Athens  Greeks developed literature that focused on comedies, tragedies, and epics.  Examples: Oedipus Rex, Iliad, Odyssey

34. Sparta  Militarist: focused on maintaining a highly trained army  Oligarchy: ruled by Two Kings  Social and Gender Equality

35. Sparta  Boys taken from home at 7, trained as soldiers  Girls underwent vigorous PE training to prepare for motherhood  Greatest warriors of ancient Greece, but neglected art, literature, and science

36. The Persian Wars 499-480 BCE

37. The Persian Empire  Zoroastrian  Monarchy  Powerful Military  Highly Civilized

38. Battle of Marathon 490 BCE  26 miles from Athens  Athenian hoplites using phalanx defeated Persians  Great event in Athenian history

39. 2 nd Persian Invasion 480 BCE  Persian King Xerxes launched major invasion of Greece  150,000 man army  600 ship navy

40. Thermopylae

41. The Golden Age of Athens 480-404 BCE  Athens dominant city-state, led Delian League  Rich and powerful  Under Pericles, magnificent architecture

42. THE DELIAN LEAGUE

44. The Parthenon

45. Greek art

47. Peloponnesian Wars 431-404 BCE Peloponnesian War (431 to 404 BCE) War between Athens and Sparta and their allies War between Athens and Sparta and their allies Sparta wins, but leaves most of city-states weak Sparta wins, but leaves most of city-states weak Philip II – King of Macedonia takes advantage of weakness and conquers much of Greece and unites them under his power Philip II – King of Macedonia takes advantage of weakness and conquers much of Greece and unites them under his power

48. Peloponnesian Wars

49. Greek Philosophy  Individualism  Ethical Behavior, sense of right and wrong  Separate from religious beliefs

50. Socrates 469-399 BCE  Know Thyself  Question Everything  Only the Pursuit of Goodness brings Happiness  Condemned to Suicide for “Corrupting the Youth of Athens”

51. Plato 427-347 BCE  Student of Socrates  “The Republic”: philosopher-kings  Founder of The Academy  “The Prisoners in the Cave” and the Ideal Forms.

52. Aristotle 384-322 BCE  Student of Plato  Founder of The Lyceum  Scientific Method  The Golden Mean (moderation)  Logic

53. Alexander The Great 356-323 BCE  Son of King Philip of Macedon, who had conquered Greece  Student of Aristotle  “Greek mind”  Became King at age 21 and set out to conquer the world.

54.  Conquered the Persian Empire, Egypt, and the Fertile Crescent.  Eventually pushed to Indus River Valley  Encouraged “Hellenization” of Middle Eastern cultures  Resulted in Cultural Diffusion and development of Hellenistic culture throughout his empire  Died of fever at age 33.

57. Alexander’s Empire After His Death  Divided by his generals  Hellenistic culture, cross-cultural trade continued  Linked Mediterranean with India, China  Preserved Greek culture