1. NAS 2011 Liang Kai,Xiaofang Zhang, Xiao Zhang Northwestern Polytechnical University 2011-7-28 Research on Energy Consumption of General Network Storage System

2. Energy Consumption of Network Storage System Outline Background Energy consumption model Experiments Conclusion and Future work NAS2011(2/15)

3. Energy Consumption of Network Storage System NAS2011 (3/12) Challenge Source: IBM Corporate Strategy analysis of IDC data, Sept. 2007 Global Annual IT Spending Estimated US$B 1996-2010 $0B 50 100 150 200 250 300 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 20022003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20092010 New Server Spending Server Mgt and Admin Costs Power and Cooling Costs

4. Energy Consumption of Network Storage System Background Research on Energy Consumption of General Network Storage System Some energy consumption standard has been released in industry China promote the development of network storage technology Huge energy consumption in Network Storage Systems Energy conservation, green storage promote low-carbon economy From the perspective of the whole system accurately reflect real- time energy consumption Analyse, establish the general energy consumption model of networks storage system Reseach purpose Thesis signigicance Thesis background

5. Energy Consumption of Network Storage System Structure and research method Introduction Reseach on EC of NSS Conclusions Analysis and test EC Verify model validation Establish EC model Server ECDisk array ECSwitch EC Based on system expansion and workload conditions evaluates EC Basic EC Data transmission and Port used number EC Workload EC

6. Energy Consumption of Network Storage System EC model NAS2011(6/15) A common storage network system is consist of the file system servers, switches and disk arrays Base Energy Consumption Energy Consumption = + Variable Energy Consumption according to workload

7. Energy Consumption of Network Storage System Detail model NAS2011(7/15) In the complex structure and changing workload of storage network environment, it refines the energy consumption of each functional part as: basic energy consumption Ebase and workload energy consumption Eload. Namely: Servers, switches and disk arrays are the main functional components of the storage network, and also the major components of the energy consumption. Thus, the full energy consumption of the storage network E should include: server energy consumption Es, switch and disk array energy consumption, Esw, Eda, namely: Disk array = Controllers +Disk enclosure + Disks

8. Energy Consumption of Network Storage System System Extension NAS2011(8/15) Extend typeBasic ECAdditional EC Server Added 1 server 1* E base 1*Port Switch Added 1 1* E swbase 2*Port Disk Array Added 1 disk 1* E dbase ignored Added 15 disks 15* E dbase 1* E daebase Added 1 DE 1* E daebase ignored Added 12 DE 12* E daebase 2*Port+1* E dabase Considering the added energy consumption for the extended structure in the System-A Eadd. Eadd also includes two parts: the basic and additional energy consumption of the added hardware, Ebase, Esub, namely: The below Table lists the added EC pattern caused by extending hardware in the system.

9. Energy Consumption of Network Storage System Server-basic EC test NAS2011(9/15) 1)Server's Idle Mode energy consumption test: Put the server into the status of single power supply, test the average effective power under the Idle Mode for 10 minutes. The results can be described as follows:

10. Energy Consumption of Network Storage System Server-Workload EC test NAS2011(10/15) Energy consumption test between server and workload: On the server, we use the SPECpower_ssj2008 quantifies energy consumption and generates workloads, test status of the changing server energy consumption. Obtained the test data can be formatted below the figure:

11. Energy Consumption of Network Storage System Switch EC test 1)Basic EC ： The basic energy consumption test of switch: The method of the basic energy consumption test on switch is identical to that of server Idle Mode. The result in our environment is 17.93W 2) EC per activate port: The energy consumption test between switch and the number of used port: Make the switch in the state of no host accessing, one by one join 8 hosts, each of the states hold for 5 minutes. Test on every added a port leads to energy consumption increase. The result is 1.06W 3)EC change according to data transfer: It's difficult to quantify and control the specific data transferred rate of the switch. So, assuming that the data transmission of the switch has only two states: full-bandwidth data transmission and no data transmission, using the Iperf control full-bandwidth data transmission between a pair ports. EC changes very little. NAS2011(11/15) Switch takes a small role in the whole system

12. Energy Consumption of Network Storage System Disk array EC test 1)Basic EC Test: The basic energy consumption test on the hardware of disk array: Successively increase components in the disk array (disk block number from 5 to 15, the disk enclosure from 0 to 1), use Power Analyzer to detect the changed information of power, get the energy consumption status by calculated on the various components of the disk array. 2) Workload EC Test: The energy consumption test between disk array and the workload: Read and write IO operation of the disk array is the main workload, usually indicated by the values of ​​ IOPS, which is controlled by IOPSCtrl in this test. In the RAID's organizational model, RAID0 has non-redundant operation and the least impact on disk's energy consumption, so all the disk blocks on disk array is comprised of the RAID0 mode, and the full capacity of which mount to a directory on the server to test the maximum value of IOPS in disk by Iometer. From no IO operation, every 10% of the maximum IOPS until the maximum workload is increased by IOPSCtrl, each state for 10 minutes. NAS2011(12/15) Increasing HWIncreasing EC Per disk11.36W Per disk enclosure109.49W Power and controller312.11W Experiments show workload takes little affect on EC, We think disk keep working even there isn’t any IO operation. But MAID2.0 technology may change this.

13. Energy Consumption of Network Storage System Verification Use one server and one switch and one disk array to verify the model. According the model, calculate result is 828.993W; Test result of 830.352W, difference is very little. NAS2011(13/15)

14. Energy Consumption of Network Storage System General usage If there are X servers, Y disks and L pairs of the ports in the network storage system, the entire system's total energy consumption: NAS2011(14/15)

15. Energy Consumption of Network Storage System Future work Cooling system EC takes a import role in data center, we need take temperature into consider in the future. New medias such as SSD will have different EC features. Some green technologies need more researches. MAID(massive array of idle disks) slow down the rotation speed of disk to save energy. Need more experiments in big system to verify the model. NAS2011(15/15)

16. Energy Consumption of Network Storage System NAS2011 Thanks