1. GREECE

2. Bordering countries are Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Turkey
Bordering bodies of water are Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, Sea of Crete

3. Capital is Athens

4. Mountains cover most of Greece, land is rocky with little fertile soil, summers are hot and dry

5. Winter – ¾ of rain falls, mild and wet
Summer – hot, dry, very sunny

6. Greece is a seafaring country because you are never far from the sea, 1/5 of Greece is islands, land is not very good for farming

7. A city-state is the city/town and the surrounding villages and farmland

8. Greek city-states were independent, small in size, quarreled among themselves

9. The Ancient Greeks were:
patriotic
shared a common language, religion, and culture
prized their freedom and way of life
creative thinkers

10. Greece became independent in 1829

11. What happened in Olympia, Greece in 776 BCE?
What is Greece’s capital city called?
How many letters make up the Greek alphabet?
What is Greece’s national cheese?
What is the currency used in Greece?
How many Greeks work in agriculture?
What two major geographic features shape Greece?
How many islands are apart of Greece?
What religion do ninety-eight percent of Greeks belong to?
What is a major holiday in Greece?
First Olympics
Athens 24
feta
Euro
One in five
Mountains and Seas
2000
Greek Orthodox Church ~ Christian
Easter and Christmas

13. Passport to Ancient Greece

18. GREECE’S GEOGRAPHY

20. Peloponnesus Peninsula and numerous islands in the Aegean Sea
2)They were separated from one another by rugged mountains, bays and inlets, and by being on an island
3) Most Ancient Greeks were farmers

21. 4) A Mediterranean climate – mild winters with hot, sunny summers
4) A Mediterranean climate – mild winters with hot, sunny summers you can grow crops all year round similar to southern California
5) Mainly grow grapes and olives
Grow small amounts of wheat and barley

22. 6) Main disadvantage is that only ¼ of the land is level so they could only grow small amounts of grain crops and, therefore, they had to trade with others to get more grain

23. 7) Main advantage is the sea – it connected all Greeks to one another and Greece to other civilizations so that they could trade and get what they needed

24. LOCATION
Greece is located in southern Europe between Albania and Turkey. It borders the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea. It has a population of 10,964,020. Athens is its capital.

25. AREA
Greece has a total area of 131,940 sq km. That means it is slightly smaller than Alabama

26. CLIMATE
Greece has a Mediterranean climate with plenty of sunshine, mild temperatures and a limited amount of rainfall.

27. SUMMER
In summer, the dry hot days are cooled by seasonal winds called the meltemi, while mountainous regions have generally lower temperatures.

28. WINTER
The winters are mild in lowland areas, with a minimum amount of snow and ice, yet, mountains are usually snow-covered.

29. TERRAIN
Greece consists of a mountainous and craggy mainland jutting out into the sea. Four-fifths of Greece consist of mountains or hills, making the country one of the most mountainous in Europe. Greece has the tenth longest coastline in the world.

30. LAND USE
About 20% of Greece is farmable. Farmers grow olives, figs, fruit, grapes, and very little grain.

31. GREECE’S ORIGINS

32. MINOAN AGE Minoans Crete ~ Knosses 2000 – 1400 BCE
had a system of writing, fine artwork, great sailors, traded with Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Phoenicia, master builders of palaces that were maze like with plumbing and decorated with colorful murals

33. MYCENAEAN AGE Mycenaeans Greek mainland/ Mycenae 1400 – 1100 BCE
Built cities on top of hills, very similar to the Minoans – sailors, trade, palaces, and writing, conquered the Minoans

34. MINOANS MYCENAEANS First navy Named after King Minos
Had minitar and bull fighting
Known for pottery cups
On Crete
Weakened by fire, earthquakes, tidal waves
Linear A – cannot read
On Greek mainland
Had walls that were 40 ft. high and 20 ft. thick
Known for bronze weapons
Linear B – can read
Tall people
Fell to outsiders
Writing for record keeping
Had palaces
Were into trade
Seafarers - sailors

35. DARK AGE
Dorians
Invaders from northern Greece who came to middle and southern Greece
1100 – 800 BCE
Trade came to a stop, written language disappeared, people lived in isolated villages, oral traditions kept Greek history alive, population increases

36. AGE of EXPANSION 800ish – 500 BCE
Villages grow and develop back into cities, trade comes back and increases, leaders emerge in each city, city-states {an independent, self governing city and the land around it} develop and begin to fight one and compete against one another

37. The Greek City-State Map of major Greek City-States in 500 BCE
Ruins of the agora at Corinth, Greece. Most Greek cities had an agora, which acted as the city center, housing marketplaces, civic centers, and forums.

38. GREEK CITY-STATE Had over 100 city-states Known as a polis
All Greeks belonged to one
It is the city and its surrounding countryside
Athens was the biggest
Some had walls, some had natural barriers around them, some had nothing
All had their own culture and identity – coins, laws, calendars

39. GREECE’S RELIGION

40. The gods controlled the world of nature and the human world.
Purpose of Myths and Legends:
celebrate the gods
explain the gods’ role in creating the world and causing natural events
to tell of the gods’ powers

41. All Greek gods were part of a family and Zeus was the supreme god.
Zeus – justice and weather
Poseidon – sea
Hera – marriage
Ares – war
Dionysus – wine
Apollo – light (sun), health, herding, prophecy

42. Ways the Greeks worshipped their gods:
prayed to them for things they wanted
thanked the gods with animal sacrifices
built sanctuaries where they could worship and honor the gods
religious festivals and competing in the Olympics