1. Young Republicans Childhood in the Early National Period

2. I) Status of Children in the Late 18 th Century Childrearing in Transition authoritarian/evangelical authoritarian/moderate affectionate/genteel Health childbearing increase in childhood epidemics

3. A New “City on a Hill”: Republicanism Republican Ideology Virtue Republican Motherhood Public Education Reform Impulse Horace Mann State Board of Education Standards Normal Schools McGuffey Readers

4. Columbia Presents Two Children to the Goddess of Wisdom, 1787

5. Horace Mann, 1796-1859

6. McGuffey’s First Reader, 1841

7. McGuffey’s Second Reader, 1841

8. Lesson 10, McGuffey’s Reader

9. Discovering Childhood: The Rise of Child Nurture --Dwindling family size --Secularization of society --Advice books and magazines Parent’s Magazine, Mother’s Assistant Dwight, The Father’s Book --Health and diet The origins of “modern” childhood

10. III) Refuges and Reformatories Attitudes about Delinquency Orphanages Workhouses/Almshouses New York House of Refuge, 1825 Immigrants as chief residents Reform Schools

11. IV) The Peale Museum as Republican Education Charles Wilson Peale The Peale Museum, Philadelphia, 1786 Natural History Mastodon Lewis and Clark Artifacts Costumed figures of all races of world

12. Ticket to the Peale Museum, Philadelphia

13. The Artist and His Museum

14. Recovering the Mastodon Skeleton