1. News http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2009/11/05/environmental _officials_urge_halving_of_phosphorous_levels_in_upper_middle_c harles_river/http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2009/11/05/environmental _officials_urge_halving_of_phosphorous_levels_in_upper_middle_c harles_river/ http://www.boston.com/news/science/articles/2009/11/05/yellowston e_yields_1200_species_in_1_day_study/http://www.boston.com/news/science/articles/2009/11/05/yellowston e_yields_1200_species_in_1_day_study/ http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2 009/11/05/with_tax_break_a_big_carbon_footprint/http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2 009/11/05/with_tax_break_a_big_carbon_footprint/ http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2009/11/05/clunkers_milea ge_impact_queried/http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2009/11/05/clunkers_milea ge_impact_queried/ http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/science/11/02/kilimanjaro.glaciers/i ndex.htmlhttp://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/science/11/02/kilimanjaro.glaciers/i ndex.html http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/green/articles/2009/11/02/5000_year s_later_a_new_warming_warning/http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/green/articles/2009/11/02/5000_year s_later_a_new_warming_warning/ http://www.kansas.com/news/breaking/story/1033346.html

2. Stratospheric Ozone 75% of Mass below 17 km >390 nm 200-300 nm 2000 m—0.8 bar 5500 m—0.5 bar (18,000 feet) Image courtesy of www.aerospaceweb.orgwww.aerospaceweb.org

3. Light Image courtesy of www.coralnet.cawww.coralnet.ca

4. Sunlight Spectrum UVA=320-400 nm UVB=280-320 nm UVC=<280 nm

5. Stratospheric Vs. Tropospheric Ozone Image courtesy of www.aerospaceweb.orgwww.aerospaceweb.org

6. Ozone Depletion O 2 + hv  O + O O + O 2  O 3 O 3 + hv (<290 nm)  O 2 + O O 3 + Cl  O 2 + ClO ClO + O  O 2 + Cl O 3 + O  2O 2 Cl can catalyze destruction of O 3 100,000 times

7. Overall ~5% Global Decrease in Stratospheric Ozone Predicted Figure by UMB OpenCourseWare.

8. Cancer Causing DNA Breakage due to UV rays Image courtesy of www.assh.orgwww.assh.org

9. Melanoma Image courtesy of visualsonline.cancer.govvisualsonline.cancer.gov

10. Carcinomas Image courtesy of www.seattlecca.orgwww.seattlecca.org

12. Antarctic Ozone Hole 5% loss in O3  500% increase at 287 nm Image courtesy of NOAA Research

13. Polar Vortex, Spring Image courtesy of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

14. Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC) Antarctic Spring Polar Vortex Stratospheric clouds made of ice (nitric acid) Sunlight initiate reactions Heterogeneous chemistry (on particles)

15. Image courtesy of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

16. Index Card How can we solve this problem?

17. Solutions US Clean Air Act: Venting of CFC/HCFC Refrigerants Illegal July1, 1992

18. Regulations Source: NASA

19. Solved? By 2050 Hydro Halocarbons (HFCs) Single manufacturer (Dupont) Scientific consensus Simple chemistry Source: www.sabertec.orgwww.sabertec.org

20. Image courtesy of Leland McInnes, WikipediaLeland McInnes, Wikipedia