1. Safety Talk 3 / 1 Safety Talk 3 Safe Operation of Storage Tanks: Temperature and Pressure

2. Safety Talk 3 / 2 Types of storage tanks

3. Safety Talk 3 / 3

4. Safety Talk 3 / 4 Ruptured roof / shell seam of fuel oil tank due to water explosion

5. Safety Talk 3 / 5 Temperature indicator 3 feet from bottom of tank shows temperature at the boiling point of water after the incident

6. Safety Talk 3 / 6 Usual sources of water in tankage

7. Safety Talk 3 / 7 Drain off water frequently Do not leave job !

8. Safety Talk 3 / 8 Unexpected flammable / explosion mixture in vapour space of cone roof tank

9. Safety Talk 3 / 9 The effect on flash point of small additions of premium grade motor gasoline to gas oil (f.p.156º)

10. Safety Talk 3 / 10 Avoid landing floating roof on its legs during normal operations

11. Safety Talk 3 / 11 Lessons Learned (1) Up-to-date operating instructions Tanks properly marked and labelled Inlets / outlets and drain clearly marked Keep bund drain valves closed Accurate operator logs Take charge of change Never drain water bottom unattended Do not take ‘floating roofs’ off float Monitor storage tank temperature

12. Safety Talk 3 / 12 Lessons Learned (2) Test space above internal floating deck for flammables Do not expose heating coils Keep tank contents <100ºC if water present Do not pump hot oil into tank containing low flash product (and vice-versa) Monitor slop tank temperatures very carefully

13. Safety Talk 3 / 13 Dipping / sampling Avoid dip / sampling tanks with flammable atmosphere / mist above oil level Do not dip / sample within 30 minutes of stopping pump (low conductivity product not dosed with anti-static Carry sample cans / bottles in baskets / carriers Sample containers / dip tape plummets to be non-sparking (brass) Natural fibre ropes to be used for sampling Wear proper PPE (non-slip footwear / goggles / gloves) If tank contents toxic (H 2 S / benzene) wear BA Make sure steel dip tape is in contact with metal edge of dip hole Keep dip hole, sampling hatch covers closed Do not dip during electrical storms / heavy rain / hail

14. Safety Talk 3 / 14 Filling / jet mixing Keep filling velocities <3 ft / sec: Until inlet submerged by at least 2 ft (cone roof) if vapour space contains flammable gas / air mixture or mist Roof is floated (internal / external floaters) Where product contains free water If vapour space contains flammable gas / air mixture or mist Do not jet mix if vapour space contains flammable gas / air mixture