1. Chapter 12: Emotions, Stress & Health

2. The Relationship Between Stress and Disease Contagious diseases vs. chronic diseases –Biopsychosocial model –Health psychology Health promotion and maintenance –Discovery of causation, prevention, and treatment

3. Figure 13.1 Changing patterns of illness

4. Stress: An Everyday Event Major stressors vs. routine hassles –Cumulative nature of stress –Cognitive appraisals

5. Major Types of Stress Frustration: blocked goal Conflict: incompatible motivations –Approach-approach –Approach-avoidance –Avoidance-avoidance Change: having to adapt –Social Readjustment Rating Scale –Life Change Units Pressure –Perform/conform

6. Figure 13.2 Types of conflict

7. Responding to Stress Emotionally Emotional Responses –Annoyance, anger, rage –Apprehension, anxiety, fear –Dejection, sadness, grief –Positive emotions Emotional response and performance –The inverted-U-hypothesis

8. Figure 13.4 Overview of the stress process

9. Figure 13.5 Arousal and performance

10. Responding to Stress Physiologically Physiological Responses –Fight-or-flight response –Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome Alarm Resistance Exhaustion

11. Responding to Stress Behaviorally Behavioral Responses –Frustration-aggression hypothesis –catharsis –defense mechanisms Coping

12. Effects of Stress: Behavioral and Psychological Impaired task performance Burnout Psychological problems and disorders Positive effects

13. Figure 13.7 The antecedents, components, and consequences of burnout

14. Effects of Stress: Physical Psychosomatic diseases Heart disease –Type A behavior - 3 elements strong competitiveness impatience and time urgency anger and hostility –Emotional reactions and depression Stress and immune functioning –Reduced immune activity

15. Figure 13.9 Anger and coronary risk

16. Table 13.4 Health Problems that may be Linked to Stress

17. Figure 13.11 The stress-illness correlation

18. Factors Moderating the Impact of Stress Social support –Increased immune functioning Optimism –More adaptive coping –Pessimistic explanatory style Conscientiousness –Fostering better health habits Autonomic reactivity –Cardiovascular reactivity to stress

19. Health-Impairing Behaviors Smoking Poor nutrition Lack of exercise Alcohol and drug use Risky sexual behavior Transmission, misconceptions, and prevention of AIDS

20. Figure 13.12 The prevalence of smoking in the United States

21. Figure 13.13 Quitting smoking and cancer risk

22. Reactions to Illness Seeking treatment –Ignoring physical symptoms Communication with health care providers –Barriers to effective communication Following medical advice –Noncompliance

23. Figure 13.16 Biopsychosocial factors in health