1. “Grammar to Explain” 현재완료는 현재를 기준 하여 현재까지의 경험, 완료, 결과, 계속을 나타낸다. 1. [ 완료 ] I have just written a letter of thanks to him. 2. [ 경험 ] I have never been in New York. 3. [ 상태 계속 ] She has been dead for six years.( 그녀가 죽은 지 6 년 되었다.) [ 동작 계속 ] We have been working here since May. 4. [ 결과 ] He has gone to France.(=He went to France, so he is not here.) ※현재완료는 명백히 과거를 나타내는 부사 ( 구 )―yesterday, ago, last week, just now, when― 등과 함께 쓰지 못한다. When have you returned from Italy? (×) When did you return from Italy? ( ○ ) ※시간 / 조건의 부사절에서는 미래완료는 현재완료형으로 나타내야 한다. Please come to me as soon as you will have received this letter. (×) Please come to me as soon as you have received this letter. ( ○ ) ※왕래발착 ( 往來發着 ) 동사의 경우 be 동사와 결합할 수도 있다. They are all gone now, and there isn't anything more the sea can do to me. They're all together this time, and the end is come.

2. Maxims Introduced by Teacher Never have I seen a greater, or a more beautiful, or a calmer or more noble thing than you. from “The Old Man and the Sea” by E. Hemingway Farewell! Othello's occupation's [has] gone. from “Othello” by William Shakespeare Genius has been defined as a supreme capacity for taking trouble. Samuel Butler Don't judge a man until you have walked a mile in his boots.

3. Maxims Translated by Student I have measured my life with coffee spoons. from “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” by T. S. Eliot Have courage for the great sorrows of life and patience for the small ones; when you have labo- riously accomplished your daily task, go to sleep in peace. God is awake. Victor Hugo (1802-1885) French author Oh, I have lost my reputation! I have lost the immortal part of myself, and what remains is bestial from “Othello” by William Shakespeare

4. “My Maxim” Activity 『노인과 바다』의 노인 Santiago 의 다음 고백처럼, 친구, 책, 존경하는 인물, 그 어떤 대상이든 좋습니다. 그 대상에 최상의 찬사를 보여 주세요. Never have I seen a greater, or a more beautiful, or a calmer or more noble thing than you. Never have I seen a more peaceful or a warmer or a smoother thing than your heart.