1. Alyssa Hunter Daniel Bove Edward Ruth Sika Abbey

3.  Until World War II, girls usually got married within a few years of reaching their first menstrual period which occurred when the girls were around 13 years of age.  There were not many effective forms of contraception which led to pregnancies soon after wedding.  There were more teenage women who became parents in 1960 than there are now, but most of these women were married, or they got married while they were pregnant.

4.  Before the Industrial Revolution, condoms made from different animal intestines (not very effective for preventing STD’s) were the leading form of contraception.  Teens would often use abortion-inducing herbs. These herbs included savin and pennyroyal.

5.  Between 1930 and 1960 teens/adults often used Lysol disinfectant and vaginal sponges as contraception.

6.  Only about 25 percent of children grow up in a house with both birth parents these days, compared to more than 50 percent just 40 years ago.  The increase in numbers of single parents due to divorce has led to a societal acceptance of single parenthood in general, with the consequence of societal acceptance of single teenage mothers as well, even if they’ve never been married

7.  Teen pregnancy is a societal problem, a family problem, and a personal problem all in one  Although a pregnant girl would be the one suffering in the short turn, her family, child, and friends end up suffering by trying to figure out what went wrong that their child/friend could have gotten pregnant.

8.  In the United States, 4 out of 10 girls will have one or more babies before their 20th birthday This is the highest rate of any developed country.  60 of every 1,000 teen girls will deliver a baby each year

9.  Almost 40 billion dollars per year go out in welfare and Medicaid funds due to teenage pregnancy and births  Three quarters of teen parents will receive welfare payments within 5 years of their first birth.

10.  Rates of births among white and Hispanic teens were highest in the Southeast and lowest in the Northeast and California, while rates for black teens were highest in the upper Midwest and in the Southeast.  More public and private programs have been developed to decrease teen pregnancy rate.

11.  Health Day News reports that teen birth rates in the United States have declined over the past two decades, but there are still significant variations in state rates, ranging from less than 2.5 percent to more than 6 percent, according to a federal study.

12.  Male Condom  Female Condom  Jellies, Creams, Foams, Suppositories, and Film  Diaphragm with Spermicidal Jelly or Cream  Cervical Cap with Spermicidal Jelly or Cream  Sponge

13.  Oral Contraceptives  Progestin (Pills)  Ortho Evra (Patch)  NuvaRing  Depo-Provera  Implanon  …And a wide variety of other implants

14.  ParaGard and Mirena IUDs -An IUD is a small, T-shaped plastic device that is wrapped in copper or contains hormones. The IUD is inserted into your uterus by your doctor. A plastic string tied to the end of the IUD hangs down through the cervix into the vagina. You can check that the IUD is in place by feeling for this string. The string is also used by your doctor to remove the IUD.

15. Some people call emergency contraceptive pills "morning after pills," but you don't have to wait until the morning after. You can take the pills right away or use them up to five days after sex if you did not use birth control, you think your birth control failed, or you were forced to have sex. Also, the sooner you take emergency contraceptive pills, the better they work.

16.  Withdrawal - Removing penis from vagina just prior to ejaculation.  Abstinence and Outercourse - Act of deliberately avoiding intercourse. -Broad definition, includes all forms sexual contact, and even situations that don’t lead to sex. In some cases, even mutual masturbation and oral-genital sex are considered outercourse.  Fertility Awareness Methods - This method involves in only participating in sexual intercourse when the female fertile period is at its lowest.

17.  Female Sterilization -Tubal Litigation- Procedure in which fallopian tubes are sealed shut to block sperm’s access to released eggs. -Hysterectomy- Removal of uterus, usually done when patients uterus is damaged or diseased  Male Sterilization -Vasectomy- Procedure involves making a small incision in the scrotum, cutting the vas deferens and cauterizing or tying off both ends.

19.  http://www.essortment.com/articles/pregna ncy2_100035.htm http://www.essortment.com/articles/pregna ncy2_100035.htm  http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/a rt.asp?articlekey=51170 http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/a rt.asp?articlekey=51170  U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, news release, Oct. 20, 2010  Arine. “SMART Goal Setting.” Goal Setting Guide. 20 Feb. 2010.