1. Chap 22 – Digestive System
Begin reading Chap 22. Review
Lecture notes & all practice activities.
Chap 22 – Digestive System
Learning Objectives
Describe peristalsis.
Identify the structures & explain the functions of each organ in the GI tract as well as accessory digestive organs.
Be able to explain some of the hormones that act in the process of digestion, their site of production, and target organs.
Explain chemical digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Compare & contrast absorption with malabsorption regarding nutrients.
Be familiar with numerous intestinal disorders discussed in class.

2. Where It All Begins
When you were younger, did you ever hear something similar to this?
“Now, chew your food carefully BEFORE you swallow…”
(What do you think the reasoning was behind that statement?)
Swallowing video:

3. Food Moves Down the Esophagus into the Stomach via Peristalsis
*NOTE: Peristalsis is so strong that once food or liquid is
swallowed, it will reach your stomach even if you stand on
your head!

4. Digestion Begins in the Mouth
__________ – chewing (_________) & tooth action breaks apart food
_________ – saliva in mouth begins digesting ____; forms soft bolus (food ball)
Research Item – Take a minute to check it out!
What is Saliva composed of? Read the 2 paragraphs entitled
the Composition of Saliva”, page782. Note your findings to
share with the class.

5. Getting to Know Your GI Organs
Functions
Answer Choices (Organs)
1. Releases bi-carbonate rich juices that help to neutralize acidic chyme
a. mouth
2. Stores bile and releases it to assist small intestine as needed for lipid digestion
b. esophagus
3. Mechanical digestion & propulsion; peristalsis waves mix food with gastric juice
c. stomach
4. Primary site for most absorption of nutrients; slow digestion takes place here
d. liver
5. Saliva & mechanical action begins digestive process
e. gallbladder
6. Food tube that carries bolus from mouth to stomach; first sit of peristalsis
f. pancreas
7. Removes most of the remaining water/ liquid from digesting food
g. small intestine
8. Produces bile
h. large intestine
Getting to Know Your GI Organs
Instructions: Match the functions with the intestinal organ.
Write only the letter
of the answer.
Reference, pg 810.

6. GI Tract & Primary Organs, pg. 773
Label your practice diagram (except for the 3 “crossed out” structures).

7. PREDICT
To be presented in class

8. Stomach
To keep from digesting itself, the stomach has a ______ _______ with:
A thick coat of bicarbonate-rich mucus on the stomach wall
Gastric glands that have cells impermeable to HCL
Damaged epithelial cells are _______ replaced
Gastric pits
Gastric pits in the mucosa of the stomach secrete HCL; lined with chief cells that secrete pepsinogen (Protein digesting enzyme)

9. Problem: Tummy Trouble
A patient is complaining of gnawing upper abdominal pain that appears 1-3 hours after eating. The patient mentions that they seem to feel temporarily better after eating again. (NOTE: This has been ongoing for at least 4-6 months)
What might be the problem? What is the possible cause?

10. What Does the Stomach Do?
The stomach:
Holds ingested food like a _____ _______ (6-10 inches in length)
Degrades this food both _________ (mixing & churning) and __________
Delivers chyme to the small intestine
Begins ______ digestion with ________
Secretes intrinsic factor required for absorption of vitamin B12
Sends liquids onward to the small intestine; will retain solids until they are broken apart

11. Stomach 101
Label your practice diagram – ONLY structures circled in red.

12. I Can’t Believe I Ate The Whole Thing
Stomach usually empties __ hours after eating
A meal high in fat may take up to __ hours
___ _______ meal empties quickest (which is why you feel hungry again)

13. Review 1. Saliva begins digesting ________ in the mouth?
2. Chief cells in the stomach mucosa secrete ________________ which act on _______?
3. Anatomical curve taking food ‘downward’ away from the stomach and into the small intestine?

14. Small Intestine & Associated Structures
Body’s most major digestive organ
- accomplishes virtually all ___________ of liquids & nutrients
- as chyme enters the duodenum:
Carbohydrates and proteins are only partially digested
No _____ digestion has taken place
- has an extensive surface area that is made even more vast by _____ & ________________

15. Villi & Microvilli continued…
Label your diagram (pg. 800) with the following: villi, microvilli, lacteal, intestinal crypt, duodenal glands

16. Associated Organs
Small intestine completes digestion with the help of __ other organs