1. Miniature Practical Organic Chemistry UST and EDB Date: 7 August 2008 Time: 9:00 am - 5:00 pm Venue: LT-H and SynLab, Room 6124,

2. Why Microscale Chemistry? Reduction of chemical use Environmental Friendly More economical Smaller is safer!

3. Today’s Programme

4. Floor Plan 6124 Entrance

5. Synthetic Laboratory 6124

7. Experiment 1 Apparatus

8. Experiment 1 Chemicals Conc. sulfuric acid is very corrosive !

9. Experiment 1 Reflux Setup Things to Remember: 1.Heat the heating block earlier 2.Be careful of the hot surface, especially the heating block! 3.Don’t melt the rubber tubings 4.Use a spatula to regulate the sand level, i.e. to control the reflux temperature

10. Other Precautions of Expt. 1 After reflux, the reaction mixture must be cooled down to room temperature before neutralize with NaHCO 3 NaHCO 3 must be added slowly to the reaction mixture for neutralization For extraction, after shaking the reaction mixture with organic solvent, the cap of the test tube must be released or open so as to avoid building up of pressure

11. Experiment 2 Apparatus

12. Spinach After Extraction

13. Extraction of Chlorophyll

14. Thin Layer Chromatography

15. Evaporation of Solvent

16. Column Chromatography

17. Column Packing

18. Column Sample Loading