1. The Transport System The Heart and Circulatory System

2. Ribs Diaphragm Thorax

3. The Heart

4. The Pump Jobs of the Heart #1 – Systemic flow #2 – Pulmonary flow vein artery vein

5. 6.2.2 State that the coronary arteries supply heart muscle with oxygen & nutrients

6. 6.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of the heart showing the four chambers, associated blood vessels, valves and the route of blood through the heart.

7. Internal Anatomy of the heart Vein – blood goes to the heart Artery = away

8. Internal Anatomy of the heart Rt atrioventricular valve

9. 6.2.3 Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting blood, pumping blood, and opening and closing of valves.

10. 6.2.3  left ventricle fills with blood  Left ventricle contracts  Closure of the atrioventricular valve to prevent backflow into the left atrium  Dramatic increase in blood pressure inside the left ventricle which opens the left semilunar valve and allows blood to enter the aorta  Due to the increase in pressure, blood leaves the heart through the aorta

11. 6.2.5 Explain the relationship between the structure & function of arteries, capillaries and veins.

12. Comparison of arteries, capillaries, and veins ArteryCapillaryVein Thick walledWall is 1 cell thickThin walled No exchangesAll exchangesNo exchanges No internal valves Have internal valves Internal pressure high Internal pressure low

13. Path of a Red Blood Cell  Arteries  Arterioles  Capillary bed – one cell thick  Venules  Veins

14.  6.2.4 Outline the control of the heartbeat in terms of myogenic muscle contraction, the role fo the pacemaker, nerves, the medulla of the brain & adrenaline.

15. Control of heart rate  The majority of heart tissue is muscle  Contracts & relaxes without nervous system control  Right atrium – sinoatrial node  Electrical signal – both atria  Atrioventricular node  2 nd electrical signal – to ventricles

16. What happens when you exercise?  Increase demand for oxygen (cell respiration)  Need to get rid of excess carbon dioxide  Brainstem area (medulla) chemically sense the increase in CO 2  Medulla signals cranial nerve (cardiac nerve) to increase heart rate  SA node receives signal  Changes timing

17. Done exercising?  Signal from medulla to different cranial nerve  SA node receives signal  Goes back to resting heart rate

18. Other factors? Chemicals: Adrenaline

19. Lub Dub

20. 6.2.6 State that blood is composed of plasma, erythrocytes, leucocytes, (phagocytes and lymphocytes) and platelets.

21. Components of blood ComponentDescription PlasmaLiquid portion of blood ErythrocytesRed blood cells (carry oxygen & carbon dioxide LeucocytesWhite blood cells (phagocytes and lymphocytes PlateletsCell fragments (assist in blood clotting)

22. 6.2.7 State that the following are transported by the blood: nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, antibodies, urea, and heat.

23. Transport by blood What is transportedWhat it is or does NutrientsGlucose, amino acids, etc OxygenReactant needed for aerobis cell respiration Carbon dioxideWaste product of aerobic cell respiration HormonesTransported from gland to target cells AntibodiesProtein molecules involved in immunity UreaNitrogenous waste (filtered out of the blood by kidneys) HeatSkin arterioles (can change diameter in order to gain or lose heat