2. The Excretory System Learning Targets: I can: 1.Name each organ of the excretory system along with its function 2.Explain how the human excretory system is similar to a one celled organisms 3.Identify the types of wastes removed by the organs 4.List and explain the homeostasis disorders associated with the excretory system

3.  Had to evolve organ systems for:  getting materials in & around  digestive system  respiratory system  circulatory system  removing wastes  respiratory system  excretory system

4. A. PURPOSE:  Excretion is the elimination of metabolic wastes from the cells. B. WHY?  To maintain homeostasis by regulating the water content of the blood, maintaining blood pH, & removing waste products from the blood

5. O2O2 sugar nutrients CO 2 urea nutrients O2O2 D. ORGANS OF EXCRETION: How is the human excretory system similar to a one celled organisms? 1.Like the cell membrane 2. Wastes & CO 2 diffuse out of cells cells 3. Contractile vacuole – uses ATP to force water out against the gradient Transport Videos Transport Videos Transport Videos https://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/urinarysystem/ C. How? Using the excretory organs (skin, lungs, liver, & kidneys)

6.  Major organ of the urinary system  RENAL: Refers to kidneys A. FUNCTION: Filtering System 1) Filter (clean) the blood 2) Maintain blood pH 3) Maintain water content of blood volume

7. B. Kidney Structure 1) Renal Artery:  Carries unfiltered (dirty) blood from heart TO kidneys 2) Renal Vein:  Carries filtered (clean) blood from kidneys TO heart 3) Renal Cortex:  Outer portion 4) Renal Medulla:  “Corn” shaped inner portion 5) Nephrons:  Functional unit of the kidneys!  Lie between cortex and medulla  Millions of them! Write this down in the lower corner of your notes

8. a) Ureters  Tubes that carry urine to bladder from kidneys b) Urinary Bladder  Collects urine for excretion c) Urethra  Transports urine out of body from bladder

9. FUNCTION:  Recycling of red blood cells, production of urea  Urea is made from the breakdown of proteins (amino acids) Chemical poisons made harmless A. Detox- Chemical poisons made harmless Stores excess glucose as glycogen and releases it as needed B. Glycogen- Stores excess glucose as glycogen and releases it as needed Helps in the digestion & absorption of fats C. Bile – Helps in the digestion & absorption of fats WASTE: 1) Urea  Urea--- blood--- kidneys---nephrons---urine

10. FYI -THE KIND OF NITROGENOUS WASTE YOU MAKE DEPENDS ON WHERE YOU LIVE  Freshwater - ammonia  Land- urea  Egg layer - uric acid

11. Function:  largest gland  regulates body temperature through perspiration Waste Removed  Water and salts (sweat)

12.  Also part of the respiratory system Wastes removed:  Rids body of CO 2

13. E. EXCRETORY HOMEOSTASIS DISORDERS A. Kidney Stones 1. Calcium buildup in kidneys due to improper diet or unknown origin 2. Painful when in ureter 3. May need surgery if stone is too large B. Cirrhosis 1. Occurs when too much alcohols is consumed 2. Liver needs to work extra hard to metabolize alcohol 3. By products of alcohol (fats) accumulate in liver which causes scarring 4. Liver may shut down and homeostasis can no longer be maintained. C. Gout: 1.Caused by deposits of uric acid in joints. 2.Common with high protein diets. 3.Suffer from stiffness and pain in joints. Write this down!

14. Vein Artery Shunt Air detector Dialysis machine Blood pump Blood in tubing flows through dialysis fluid Used dialysis fluid Compressed air Fresh dialysis fluid Cleans the dirty blood & returns needed materials back to body