1. Warm-Up 1. A half-feather on a weather station diagram represents what? 2. How do you calculate the atmospheric pressure from a weather station diagram? 3. What do you think acid rain is? www.lenovoscholars.com/vote/ “Sukario Kids”

2. Objective: Agenda: SWBAT describe the effects of acid rain on the biosphere. Daily Question: What can we do to reduce the amount of acid rain being produced? 1. Warm-Up 2. Objective / DQ 3. Weather Proverbs 4. Weather Station Practice 5. Acid Rain Notes 6. Video 7. Weather Choice Board 8.7 – pH and Acid Rain

3. Announcements UNIT 8 TEST – TOMORROW! Final Exam Schedule:  First Block: June 1  Second Block: June 2  Third Block: June 3  Fourth Block: June 4

4. Weather Proverbs Proverb is a short pithy saying in general use, stating a general truth or piece of advice  People have been forecasting the weather for centuries. They once looked to plants and animals for hints about what the weather would do. For example, before it rained, some people often observed that ants moved to higher ground, cows lay down, pinecones opened up, frogs croaked more frequently, and sheep’s wool uncurled. Over the years, people began to notice other natural clues to upcoming weather, and several weather "sayings" grew up over the years.

5. Weather Proverbs When looking at weather proverbs, keep this in mind: They are usually based on someone’s observations and not on scientific studies. Because climates and weather patterns differ throughout the world, a weather proverb based on observations in one location may not be valid in another location. Some proverbs arose simply from coincidence, not weather patterns, and therefore may seldom hold true. But under certain circumstances, some proverbs do hold up to science. Here are some that, under the right circumstances, have proven valid.

6. Weather Proverbs Activity Part I: Read your proverb  Write a 1-2 sentence summary explaining what advice this saying gives based on observations and  Write your personal opinion of the accuracy of this piece of advise on weather forecasting. Part II: Walk around the room  Discuss with your classmates the proverb they were assigned, the meaning & their opinion.  You will then write down the proverb, meaning and YOUR OWN opinion.

7. Weather Proverbs: Part I For your opinion, write whether you believe the proverb and why you believe it or not.

8. Weather Proverbs: Part II

9. Wind Speed “Feathers” off the main line represent wind speed  Half Feather = 5 mph  Full Feather = 10 mph Example: What is the wind speed in Utica, New York? 5 knots 10 knots

10. Atmospheric Pressure 138 is NOT the literal atmospheric pressure!! 1. Greater than 500 add a 9 2. Less than 500 add a 10 3. Add a decimal before the last number

11. What Weather Is This Location Experiencing? Cloud cover: Wind direction: Wind speed: Temperature: Humidity: Atmospheric Pressure: Previous Weather:

12. What Weather Is This Location Experiencing? Cloud cover: Overcast (100%) Wind direction: Northeast Wind speed: 20 mph Temperature: 76 F Humidity: 55 F Atmospheric Pressure: 1031.8 Previous Weather: Moderate rain

13. Baton Rouge, LA In Baton Rouge, there was 75% cloud coverage. The temperature was 70 degrees, with wind blowing from the southeast (135 o ) at 35 knots. The dew point is 69 o with an atmospheric pressure of 998.4 mb. There was a heavy thunderstorm that developed.  Cloud cover:  Wind direction:  Wind speed:  Temperature:  Humidity:  Atmospheric Pressure:  Previous Weather: O

14. Weather Station Practice

15. pH pH describes how acidic or basic a solution is. 0-7 = Acid 7 = Neutral 7-14 = Base/Alkaline

16. pH scale

18. What is Acid Rain? Formed when gases, such as CO2 and SO2 react with the water in the atmosphere The pH of Rain drops  As low as pH of 2  Very harmful to our living environment

19. SOURCES OF ACID RAIN Natural Sources  Natural sources include forest fires, volcanoes, lightning Man-made Sources  Man-made sources include industrial factories, car emissions, and coal- and oil-fired power plants (electricity from burning fossil fuels)  The #1 cause of acid rain is from human activity

21. ACID RAIN in the U.S. Industrial acid rain is a substantial problem in China, Eastern Europe and Russia and areas down-wind from them. Acid rain from power plants in the Midwest United States has also harmed the forests of upstate New York and New England. This shows that the effects of acid rain can spread over a large area, far from the source of the pollution

22. Effects Of Acid Rain Harmful to aquatic life and vegetation  Increased acidity in bodies of water  Increased acidity in soil Harmful to human health  Respiratory problems, asthma, dry coughs, headaches and throat irritations Harmful to stone and metal  Weathering of statues and buildings is accelerated

23. Acid Rain: Invisible Menace http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/videos/aci d-rain-invisible-menace/embed/ http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/videos/aci d-rain-invisible-menace/embed/ 1. What is happening in the Smokey Mountains due to acid rain? 2. What can we do to prevent this?

24. What Can We Do? Reduce amount of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen released into the atmosphere  Use less energy (hence less fuel burnt)  Use cleaner fuels  Coal that contains less sulfur  "Washing" the coal to reduce sulfur content  Natural Gas  Bio-fuel  Use other sources of electricity (i.e. nuclear power, hydro-electricity, wind energy, and solar energy)

25. Weather Choice Board Work INDIVIDUALLY on your Weather Unit Choice Board