1. Bell Reading  Read for understanding the case studies at the end of the textbook on page S 46 and S 48

3. The Human Population and Its Impact Chapter 8

4. Crowded Street in China

5. Exponential growth in a savings account  0$1000  10$1629  20$2653  40$7040  60$18,779  80$45,561

6. 4  The power of exponential growth. II Under ideal conditions, some bacteria can divide and double their numbers in about 20 min. How many hours would it take for a population of bacteria to reach 4096 in a person with an inner ear infection?  No calculators.

7. Sex ratios

8. 57% of college students are female!

9. 5 MAJOR RECODED EXTINTION EPISODES

10. The K-T mass extinction

11. Global Connections: The World’s 10 Most Populous Countries in 2008

12. Human Population Growth Continues but It Is Unevenly Distributed (1)  Reasons for human population increase Movement into new habitats and climate zones Early and modern agriculture methods Control of infectious diseases through Sanitation systems Antibiotics Vaccines (Small pox virus)

14. Amniocentesis

17. Consider this In 1905 the three leading causes of death in the United States were pneumonia, tuberculosis and diarrhea. 90% of US doctors had NO college education Cocaine was sold over the counter until 1914 X rays were first discovered 1899

18. Some Major Changes That Took Place in the U.S. between 1900 and 2000

19. TFR Rates for the U.S. between 1917 and 2008

21. Science Focus: How Long Can the Human Population Keep Growing?  Thomas Malthus and population growth: 1798  Humans have altered 83% of the earth’s land surface  Can the human population grow indefinitely?

22. The Human Population Can Grow, Decline, or Remain Fairly Stable  Population change Births or (natality): fertility Deaths: mortality Migration  Population change = (births + immigration) – (deaths + emigration)  Crude birth rate- the number of live births/1000 in a given year.  Crude death rate- the number of deaths per 1000 in a given year

23. Several Factors Affect Death Rates (1)  Life expectancy-average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.  Infant mortality rate – the number of babies out of every 1000 that die before their first birthday

24. Women Having Fewer Babies but Not Few Enough to Stabilize the World’s Population  Fertility rate Replacement-level fertility rate- the number of children a couple must bear to replace themselves. Du huh??????? Total fertility rate (TFR)- the number of children a woman has during her reproductive years World wide in 1950-6.5 2001-2.5

25. Birth Rates in the U.S. from 1910 to 2008

26. 1  A population has 28 births and 8 deaths per 1000 in a given year. How fast is that population growing or shrinking?

27. 2 How many more times stronger is a earthquake of 6 than a earthquake of 4?

28. 3 A population of 10 million is growing at 3.5% per year. How many years will it take to reach 20 million?

29. 4 pH. How many more times acidic is a pH of 3 than a pH of 5?

30. . Tell whether the below would be parasitism, commensalism or mutualism 5 _________________ tick and a dog 6 _______________ shark and remora fish 7 ________________ lichens (algae and fungi) 8 ________________ mistletoe and oak trees 9 ________________ whales and barnacles

31. 10.Which group has the highest species diversity? Answer Choices A, or B or Both are the same or Neither Spp 1 Spp 2 Spp 3 Spp 4 Spp 5 Comm A 10 Comm B 461111

32. Multiple Choice 12. In an energy pyramid, the lowest level has: a. less energy than the top level b. less energy than the second level c. more energy than the top level d. the same amount of energy as the second level

33. 13 Which term applies to the average number of babies a woman in a particular demographic grouping would have in her lifetime? A. Replacement level fertility B. Infant fertility rate C. Total Fertility Rate D. Total Natility rate

34. 14-17 Cite four (4) scientific principles of sustainability. You have three minutes with the book.

35. 2. Czech Republic In 2007 the Czech republic had a crude birth rate of 19.6 and a crude death rate of 10.6. What is the annual rate of change?

36. Fig. 6-5, p. 127 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 End of World War II 14 Depression Baby boom Baby bust Echo baby boom Demographic transition Births per thousand population 0 19101920193019401950 196019701980 1990 2000 2010 Year

37. Why are people living longer and fewer infants dying? Increased food supply and distribution Better nutrition Medical advances Improved sanitation

38. Migration Affects an Area’s Population Size  Economic improvement  Religious freedom  Political freedom  Wars  Environmental refugees

39. Case Study: The United States: A Nation of Immigrants  Historical role of immigration in the U.S.  Legal immigration  Illegal immigration

41. Legal Immigration to the U.S. between 1820 and 2003

42. Fig. 6-7, p. 129 2,000 1,800 1,600 1907 1,400 1914 New laws restrict immigration 1,200 1,000 800 Great Depression 600 400 Number of legal immigrants (thousands) 200 Year 0 20102000198019601940192019001880186018401820

43. 6-3 How Does a Population’s Age Structure Affect Its Growth or Decline?  Concept 6-3 The numbers of males and females in young, middle, and older age groups determine how fast a population grows or declines.

44. Populations Made Up Mostly of Young People Can Grow Rapidly  Age structure categories Prereproductive ages Reproductive ages Postreproductive ages

45. Generalized Population Age Structure Diagrams

46. Fig. 6-8, p. 131 MaleFemaleMaleFemaleMaleFemaleMaleFemale Expanding Rapidly Guatemala Nigeria Saudi Arabia Expanding Slowly United States Australia China Stable Japan Italy Greece Declining Germany Bulgaria Russia Prereproductive ages 0–14 Reproductive ages 15–44 Postreproductive ages 45–85+

47. Population Structure by Age and Sex in Developing and Developed Countries

48. Fig. 6-9a, p. 131

49. Developed Countries 80–85 85+ 75–79 70–74 Male Female 60–64 65–69 55–59 50–54 45–49 35–39 Age 40–44 25–29 30–34 20–24 10–14 15–19 5–9 0–4 3002001000 200300 Population (millions)

50. Fig. 6-9b, p. 131

51. Developing Countries 80–85 85+ 75–79 70–74 MaleFemale 60–64 65–69 55–59 50–54 45–49 35–39 Age 40–44 25–29 30–34 20–24 10–14 15–19 5–9 0–4 3002001000 200300 Population (millions)

52. Tracking the Baby-Boom Generation in the United States

53. Some Problems with Rapid Population Decline

54. 4 principles of sustainability  Nutrient recycling  Reliance on solar energy  Population control* ----family planning  Biodiversity  READ CASE STUDY ON CHINA ON PAGE 187

55. A population of pansies increases by 12% every year. Calculate the doubling time for this population.

56. As of 1995, the human population was expected to double within 50 years. Calculate (r) or the percent rate of change for the population.

57. In your research of the dynamics of June beetles count the population size at 1000. Over the course of a month you record 40 births and 20 deaths. What is the % rate (r) increase in the population.

58. Solutions for reducing human population growth

59. r  Increased improved family planning. RESULT: fewer pregnancies/control of fertility/ choice in the number of children born.

60.  Increased education and improved social status of women. RESULT: Delay having children and choosing to have fewer children.

61.  More women enter the workforce. RESULT: delay having children.

62.  Reduced need for children in the workforce such as agriculture (farming)  RESULT: Increase urbanization and more industrialization.

63. Human activities are having an impact on the Earth’s biodiversity.  Deforestation for farming, housing, fuel, mining RESULTS in destruction of habitats and reduced biodiversity,  Fossil-fuel burning releases carbon dioxide. RESULTS: altering global temperature and precipitation patterns  Diversion of water for irrigation, municipal and industrial use. RESULT: reduces water supply for freshwater organisms.  Pollution: _______________ RESULT can have have a – impact on biodiversity.

65. 6-4 How Can We Slow Human Population Growth?  Concept 6-4 Experience indicates that the most effective ways to slow human population growth are to encourage family planning, to reduce poverty, and to elevate the status of women.

66. Women from a Village in Burkina Faso Returning with Fuelwood

67. As Countries Develop, Their Populations Tend to Grow More Slowly  Demographic transition stages Preindustrial Transitional May lead to a demographic trap Industrial Postindustrial

68. Four Stages of the Demographic Transition

69. Planning for Babies Works  Family Planning Responsible for a 55% drop in TFRs In developing countries Expansion of program Include teenagers, sexually active unmarried women, and men  Slow and stabilize population growth Invest in family planning Reduce poverty Elevate the social and economic status of women

70. Empowering Women Can Slow Population Growth  Education  Paying jobs  Human rights without suppression  “For poor women the only holiday is when you are asleep”

71. Case Study: Slowing Population Growth in China: the One-Child Policy  Encourages fewer children  Gender imbalance  Fast-growing economy  Face serious resource and environmental problems