1. S-113
What is the periodic Table?
How is it arranged?

2. S-116
What subatomic structure is reflected in the periodic table?

3. Unit 5 The Periodic Table
SPS4 Students will investigate the arrangement of the Periodic Table
a. Determine the trends of the following
Number of valence electrons
Types of ions formed by representative elements
Location of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
Phases at room temperature
b. Use the Periodic Table to predict the above properties for representative elements

4. 5.1 Organizing the Elements
How did Mendeleev organize the elements in his periodic table?
What evidence helped verify the usefulness of Mendeleev’s table?

5. 5.1 Organizing the Elements
How did Mendeleev organize the elements in his periodic table?
1860 Mendeleev organizes the periodic table
Rows (called periods) by increasing mass
Later by atomic number
Columns (called groups or families) by similar chemical and physical properties
Periodic – means that properties repeat at regular intervals
Only knew 63 elements
He predicted the properties of blanks in his periodic table

6. 5.1 Organizing the Elements
What evidence helped verify the usefulness of Mendeleev’s table?
Mendeleev predicted elements
Eka-aluminum (one below aluminum)
Soft metal with a low melting point and a density of 5.9 g/cm3
1875 Gallium (Ga) discovered
Soft metal, melting point 29.7oC, density of 5.91 g/cm3
Proved the patterns could be used to predict elements

7. S-118
What two characteristics are used to organize the modern periodic table?

8. 5.2 The Modern Periodic Table
How is the modern periodic table organized?
What does the atomic mass of an element depend on?
What categories are used to classify elements on the periodic table?
How do properties vary across a period in the periodic table?

9. 5.2 The Modern Periodic Table
How is the modern periodic table organized?
Periodic Law
Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number (protons)
Period – rows on the periodic table
As the row number increases outside electrons are in higher energy levels
First energy level hold 2 – so hydrogen and helium have electrons in first energy level
Second energy level holds 8 – so second row has eight elements

10. 5.2 The Modern Periodic Table
How is the modern periodic table organized?
Periodic Law
Properties of elements repeat in predictable ways and are used to place element in columns
Group – columns
Numbered 1-18
Some have names
1 alkali metals
2 alkaline earth metals
17 halogens
18 noble gases

11. 5.2 The Modern Periodic Table
What does the atomic mass of an element depend on?
Atomic Mass
Measured in atomic mass units (u)
One twelfth of the mass of Carbon-12
Average Atomic Mass - calculated using weighted averages
The abundance of an isotope (add up to 100%)
Mass of each different isotope

12. 5.2 The Modern Periodic Table
What categories are used to classify elements on the periodic table?
Elements are classified in three ways
Natural vs Man made
Technetium (Tc)
All elements above 92

13. 5.2 The Modern Periodic Table
What categories are used to classify elements on the periodic table?
Elements are classified in three ways
State of Matter at room temperature
Liquids – Hg, and Br
Gases – Group 18, H, N, O, F, Cl
Solids – the rest of the elements up to 92

14. 5.2 The Modern Periodic Table
What categories are used to classify elements on the periodic table?
Elements are classified in three ways
Metals, Non-Metals, Metalloids
Metals Left of zig-zag line
Transition Metals – group 3-12
Non-Metals – right of zig-zag line
Metalloids – touch the zig-zag line, except Aluminum

15. 5.2 The Modern Periodic Table
How do properties vary across a period in the periodic table?
Changes in properties across a periodic table
From left to right
Become less metallic, more nometallic
More likely to gains electrons, less likely to lose them

16. S-119 For the element Iron, answer the following questions
1. metal, nonmetal, metalloid?
2. state of matter at room temperature?
3. average atomic mass?
4. name of group?
5. period?

17. 5.3 Representative Groups
Why do the elements in a group have similar properties?
What are some properties of the A groups in the periodic table?

18. 5.3 Representative Groups
Why do the elements in a group have similar properties?
Valence Electrons
Electrons in the highest occupied energy level
Major factor in chemical reactions
Elements in the same group, have the same valence electrons

19. 5.3 Representative Groups
What are some properties of the A groups?
Alkali Metals
Group one
1 valence electron
React by losing 1 electron
Gain a positive charge
Highly reactive

20. 5.3 Representative Groups
What are some properties of the A groups?
Alkaline Earth Metals
Group two
2 valence electrons
React by losing 2 electron
Gain a positive charge
Less reactive

21. 5.3 Representative Groups
What are some properties of the A groups?
Boron Family
Group 13
3 valence electrons
React by losing 3 electron
Gain a positive charge

22. 5.3 Representative Groups
What are some properties of the A groups?
Carbon Family
Group 14
4 valence electrons
React by sharing electrons

23. 5.3 Representative Groups
What are some properties of the A groups?
Nitrogen Family
Group 15
5 valence electrons
React by gaining electrons
Gain negative charge

24. 5.3 Representative Groups
What are some properties of the A groups?
Chalcogens (Oxygen Family)
Group 16
6 valence electrons
React by gaining electrons
Gain negative charge
More reactive

25. 5.3 Representative Groups
What are some properties of the A groups?
Halogens
Group 17
7 valence electrons
React by gaining electrons
Gain negative charge
Very reactive

26. 5.3 Representative Groups
What are some properties of the A groups?
Noble Gases
Group 18
8 valence electrons
Do not react or form compounds

27. 5.3 Representative Groups
What are some properties of the A groups?
Transition Metals (Transition Elements)
Group 3-12
2 valence electrons
Additional electrons are filling lower energy levels
All have similar properties
What we think of as “Metals”

28. 5.3 Representative Groups
What are some properties of the A groups?
Actinide and Lanthenide Series
No group number
2 valence electrons
Additional electrons are filling lower energy levels
Very few things that we deal with on a regular basis

29. S-120
For the following elements list the number of valence electrons, and write the predicted ion.
Nitrogen
Beryllium
Gold

30. S-121 For the element Antimony list Average atomic mass
Atomic mass if the number of neutrons is 70
Number of valence electrons
Charge on the ion