1. Molecular Geometry 6.5

2. Hybridization Mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of similar E’s on the same atom to produce new hybrid atomic orbitals of = E Hybrid orbitals = orbitals of = E produced by the combination of 2 or more orbitals of the same atom

3. An Example Methane (CH 4 ) – All bonds b/t C and H are identical – C has a valence config of 2s 2 2p 2 (leaving 4 spaces for H to join) – In order for all 4 spaces to be =, the s and p orbitals hybridize  sp 3 – __ __ __ __ sp 3

4. VSEPR Theory Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory – the shape of a molecule will be so that e-’s are as far apart as possible Takes into account bonded atoms and lone pairs of __________.

5. Determining Shapes Look at steric number (how many things are around central atom). Look at lone e- pairs Use the sheet to help you determine geometry

6. Polarity Uneven distribution of electrical __________ in an atom If one atom in a bond pulls e- better than the other and that pull is not balanced out you have a polar molecule CH 4 balances b/c of shape = non polar NH 3 does not balance b/c shape= polar Try determining polarity on LS sheet

7. Intermolecular Forces Vary in strength but are ___________ than bonds Strongest IMF is b/t polar molecules Dipole – created by equal but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance

8. IMF Dipole-Dipole Forces – b/t polar molec. A short range force b/t nearby molec. Look at the b.p. of I-Cl and Br-Br. I-Cl – is 97°C and Br-Br is 59°C This is due to the _______-_________ force between ____ and _____

9. IMF Dipole-Dipole induced dipole – a nonpolar molecule becomes a slight dipole b/c a ___________ molecule attracts it’s electrons Weaker than dipole-dipole

10. IMF Hydrogen Bonding – a H atom bonded to a highly e-neg atom is attracted to an unshared pair of e-’s of an e-neg atom in a nearby molec. Quite strong  responsible for _______ b.p.’s of some materials (H 2 O) In dipoles

11. IMF

12. London Dispersion Forces – results from the constant motion of e-’s and the creation of instantaneous dipoles Between __________ polar molecules