2. The electron pairs surrounding the central atom repel one another and move so far apart from one another that there are no further repulsions between them. As a result, the molecule has minimum energy and maximum stability.

3. If the central atom is linked to similar atoms and is surrounded by only bond pairs of electrons, repulsions between them are similar. As a result, the shape of the molecule is symmetrical and the molecule is symmetrical and the molecule is said to have a regular geometry. If the central atom is linked to different atoms or is surrounded by bond pairs as well as lone pairs of electrons, the repulsions between them are different. As a result, the molecule has an irregular or distorted geometry. The order of repulsions between electron pairs is as follows:

5. Be Cl

6. Be

7. 120 o 109.5 o 90 o 180 o Bond Angles

8. PxPx PyPy PzPz PxPx PyPy PzPz

9. 2s2p x 2p z 2p y 1s sp 3 sp 3 109.5 o Promote Hybridize x z y Methane: Carbon

10. 2s2p x 2p z 2p y 1s sp 2 sp 2 sp 2 120 o Hybridized Formaldehyde: Carbon Promoted 120 o Trigonal Planar 2s + 2p x + 2p z

11. 2s2p x 2p z 2p y 1s sp 2 sp 2 sp 2 120 o Hybridized Formaldehyde: Oxygen 120 o Trigonal Planar Lone Pairs 2s + 2p x + 2p z

12. Formaldehyde Sigma bond 2 Lone Pairs  bond

14. 2s2p x 2p z 2p y 1s sp Promoted Hybridized Hydrogen Cyanide: Carbon 2s + 2p x Linear

15. 2s2p x 2p z 2p y 1s sp Hybridized Hydrogen Cyanide: Nitrogen 2s + 2p x Linear

16.  bond

17. 3s3p x 3p z 3p y 2 Neon 120 o Hybridized Phosphorus Pentachloride: Phosphorus Trigonal Bipyrimidal sp 3 d sp 3 d sp 3 d sp 3 d sp 3 d d xz d yz d xy d x 2 -y 2 d z 2 120 o 90 o Promoted