1. Honors Shapes to Know: See Honors Packet – Linear – Trigonal Planar – Bent (with 3 e- regions and with 4) – Trigonal Pyramidal – Tetrahedral – Trigonal Bipyramidal – SeeSaw – T-Shaped – Linear – Octahedral – Square Pyramidal – Square Planar VSEPR SHAPES FOR HONORS: http://youtu.be/FjjhUI4wFTEhttp://youtu.be/FjjhUI4wFTE Example of Shapes (honors): http://youtu.be/i3FCHVlSZc4http://youtu.be/i3FCHVlSZc4

2. Honors

4. HONORS

6. Effect of Nonbonding Electrons on Bond Angles – Since electrons in a bond are attracted by two nuclei, they do not repel as much as lone pairs. – Bond angles decrease as the number of lone pairs increase. HONORS

7. Exceptions to the Octet Rule (Honors) Less than Octet – Ex:BeH 2 Odd Number of Valence Electrons – Ex:NO More than Octet – Ex:SF 6

8. Molecules with Expanded Valence Shells Trigonal bipyramidal electron geometries: Plane contains three electrons pairs. Fourth and fifth electron pairs located above and below this plane. HONORS

9. To minimize e  repulsion, lone pairs are always placed in equatorial positions. HONORS

10. Molecules with Expanded Valence Shells Octahedral electron geometries Plane contains four electron pairs. Fifth and sixth electron pairs located above and below plane. HONORS

11. Hybridization of Orbitals (Honors) To know hybridization type simply count # of e- groups or “domains” around central atom sp = 2 e- domains (linear e- geometry) sp 2 = 3 e- domains (trig. planar e- geometry) sp 3 = 4 e- domains (tetrahedral e- geometry) sp 3 d = 5 e- domains (trig. bipyramidal e- geometry) sp 3 d 2 = 6 e- domains (octahedral e- geometry)

12. sp 2 sp 3 sp 3 d

14. Resonance (Honors) Electrons “resonate” between multiple bonding sites. Adds strength to all the bonds. Check if it is possible to draw double or triple bonds at more than one bonding site.

15. Sigma and Pi Bonds (Honors) Sigma Bond: – End to end overlap of orbitals – All single bonds are sigma – One of the bonds in a multiple bond is a sigma Pi Bond: – Side to side overlap of orbitals. – Found in double or triple bonds.

16. Bond Length and Bond Strength Longest = Single Bonds Shortest = Triple bonds HONORS

17. Bond Strength Strongest (hardest to break)= triple bonds Weakest (easiest to break) = single bonds HONORS

18. Honors Good for Review!! Crash Course Video: Molecular Geometries and Electron Orbitals http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPDptc0wUYI Orbital Hybridization: (10 min) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1E18tBTlBg Orbital Hybridization: (10 min) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1E18tBTlBg