1.  Add up your points on test 1, quiz 1, participation, extra credit, and assignment 1 draft (possible 80 points)  Subtract from level you would like to be at ◦ A: 374-416 points ◦ B: 333-373 points ◦ C: 291-332 points ◦ D: 250-290 points ◦ F: any score below 250 points  This is how many more points you need

2.  Tests – 150  Lab attendance – 18 + 5  Writing – 140  Quizzes – 30  Extra credit – 6  Total = 349 left in the course

3. Percentage Score Grade Level

4. Percentage Score Grade Level

5. Hypothesis Testing

6.  Educated guesses based on theory and past research  Translate a research question into a testable form  Depends on methods and measures  The hypothesis is formed with respect to a population --- but tested with a sample

7.  Population-level: ◦ Emotional intelligence training will improve children’s grades ◦ BUT we don’t have access to all children  Sample-level: ◦ A class of children in the 4 th grade class at W. Elementary will have better grades in math class after undergoing EQ training than a similar class with no training

8. The hypothesis is formed with respect to a population --- but tested with a sample No sample ever perfectly represents the population (sampling error)

9. 1)We state the hypotheses 2)Predict sample characteristics 3)Obtain a random sample from the population 4)Compare the obtained sample data with the prediction made from the hypothesis

10.  A formal hypothesis  Relates to the population  There is no relationship between variables (they are equal, not different, not related, etc.)

11.  Acts as a starting point  Assume nothing until it is proven; null until proven significant  Benchmark against which outcomes are measured to ensure that chance is not a good explanation *Usually not stated in articles

12.  Statement that there is a relationship between the variables  Nondirectional ◦ Unspecified difference/relationship  Directional ◦ Specified difference/ relationship

13.  Make sure it is clear:  1. which populations/groups are compared  2. what the dependent variable is ◦ (what is the measure/score about which the hypotheses are made?)  3. the type and direction of the effect

14.  Null hypotheses refer to the population; research hypotheses to the sample  Null hypotheses cannot be directly tested; research hypotheses can H 0 : μ 1 = μ 2 H 1 : X 1 ≠ X 2