1. Leadership and Management

2. Sub-topics Basic questions on leadership and management Leadership
The difference between leadership and management
Leadership theories / models

3. 1. Basic questions What is leadership? What is management?
What are their differences and similarities?
Why leadership and management become subjects of study and research?

4. 2. Leadership The process of affecting the acts and behavior of a:
- small or big
- formal or informal
… group of people from a person (the leader) with the ultimate goal of making them to cooperate willingly in order to achieve the team / organizational goals in the best possible way

5. 3. The difference between Leadership and Management: Kotter
Leadership (dealing with change)
- Specifying the direction of the organization through the creation of a vision
- Alignment of the efforts of the employees of the organization through the vision and motivation to overcome any obstacles

6. 3. The difference between Leadership and Management: Kotter
Management (dealing with complex issues)
- Creation of cohesion
- Creation of punctuality
- Design of the organizational structures
- Control / adjustment of results / performance

7. 3. The difference between Leadership and Management: Zalesnik
- Adoption of an energetic and personal stance in relation to the organizational goals
- Risky behavior especially when the opportunities and rewards are important
- Relates to human beings in a pro-active and pro-emotional manner

8. 3. The difference between Leadership and Management: Zalesnik
- Adoption of an impersonal stance towards the organizational goals
- Use of human resources and their ideas for the creation of strategic goals and decision making processes
- It has to do with people

9. 4. Leadership Theories / Models
Leadership Traits theories
Leadership Behaviors theories
Management Roles theories
Situational Leadership models
Exchange Leadership models
Transactional Leadership and post-form models

10. 4. Leadership Traits theories
Theories that have tried to recognize:
- Social
- Physical
- Intellectual
- Personality
… characteristics that distinguish and differentiate leaders from non-leaders

11. 4. Leadership Behaviors theories
Particular kinds of behaviors distinguish and differentiate leaders from non-leaders
Particular kinds of behaviors that lead to more effective leaders?
Are democratic leaders more effective than autocratic leaders?

12. 4. Management Roles theories: Mintzberg
Inter-personal roles
- Ceremonial
- Leadership
- Connection – between the employees and the organiation

13. 4. Management Roles theories: Mintzberg
Decision making roles
- Entrepreneur
- Managing conflicts
- Managing resources
- Negotiator
Informational roles
- Adjustment
- Briefing
- Representative

14. 4. McGregor’s Theory X
Employees don’t like their job and they will try to avoid doing it
Employees have to be coerced, forced, threatened with punishment
Employees try to avoid taking responsibilities and seek guidance
Security is an important issue
Low levels of ambition / aspiration

15. 4. McGregor’s Theory Y
Employees like their job, they consider it something natural, a game
Employees can be self-directed and self-controlled
Acceptance, seeking of responsibilities
Every organizational member is capable of making decisions, be inventive and resourceful

16. 4. Situational Leadership models

17. 4. Situational Leadership models: Fielder
Description of situation
Examples?
Effective
Direction
Leadership type
Relationships between leader and members
Role structure
Leadership power
Good
Poor
Fixed
Fluid
Possible
Impossible
Production
Human relationships
Both

18. 4. Exchange Leadership models
Personal compatibility and/or subordinate competence
Out-Group
In-Group
Personal compatibility and/or subordinate competence

19. 4. Transactional and post-form models
Transactional leader
- Possible monetary rewards
- Leading by exception – energetic
- Leading by exception – passive
- Freedom without
Post-form leader
- Charisma
- Inspirational
- Intellectual
- Real interest in people