1. Leading to the Civil War

2. Secession "to withdraw formally from a union or alliance” Southern individual states nullified their ratification of the U.S. constitution Secession of the South

3. The Process of Secession

4. F F Political Sectionalism Missouri Compromise 1820 – –Missouri - slave state – – Maine - free state – –Entry of states into the Union have to be balanced - one free/one slave Gag Rule of 1836 Compromise of 1850-Omnibus Legislation – –California a free state – –Slave Trade outlawed in D.C. – –Stronger Fugitive Slave Law – –Slavery allowed in the other territories acquired from Mexico Events leading to the Secession of the South

5. Slave and Free Territories Under the Compromise of 1850

6. Events leading to the Secession of the South Political Sectionalism Despite territorial gains that emerged from the Mexican American War, Americans were more divided than ever – –North denounced war as a southern project for expanding slavery David Wilmot - Wilmot Proviso – –no slavery in Mexican Territory Many hoping the Compromise of 1850 had finally settled slavery

7. Events leading to the Secession of the South – – Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 organized 2 new federal territories repealed section of Missouri Compromise – –prohibiting slavery in states/territories north of 36º 30’ latitude people decide (popular sovereignty) “Bleeding Kansas”

8. Events leading to the Secession of the South – –Change in 2 party system Democrats & Whigs – –Democrats needed northern candidate to win because of the number of southerners F. Pierce 1852, J. Buchanan 1856, Douglas ? – –Whigs Kansas & Nebraska Act killed party divided sectionally North & South too far apart on slavery issue to hold party together

9. Events leading to the Secession of the South – –Change in 2 party system Democrats & Whigs Whigs & Free Soilers = Republicans * only a northern party – –tolerate slavery in south – –unwilling to accept it's expansion – –demand that the Kansas & Nebraska Act be repealed – –central railroad (rather than northern as Douglas proposed) – –Homestead Act - western lands to families to settle 160 acres

10. Events leading to the Secession of the South – –Dred Scott Decision 1857 – –Southern dominated court Slaves were property Slaves were not citizens; Only citizens can sue "congress could not ban slavery from territories” Chief Justice Roger Taney

11. Events leading to the Secession of the South – –The Election of 1860 Aggressive movements of pro slave movement – –frightened north – –Hardened resistance in North – –intensified southern insecurity South demands - congressional slave codes “national”

12. Events leading to the Secession of the South – –The Election of 1860 Freeport Doctrine – –legislation to protect slave property in north – –Lead to a division of the Democratic Party Northern Democrats - Stephen Douglas – –appealed to North & South but ambiguous Southern Democrats - John Breckenridge – –Appealed to south - popular sovereignty Republicans - Abraham Lincoln Constitutional Union Party - John Bell

13. The Election of 1860

14. The Confederate States of America

15. – –Constitution 1787 (1789 9 states ratified - 4 didn't) established government Constitution states that states can't coin money and can’t maintain an army but can they secede? – –Southern Position held that the Constitution did not automatically bind states – –Individual States first... then United

16. The Confederate States of America FF FF 11 southern states seceded and formed their own country – –North says no you can't leave = 4 long years of fighting – –CIVIL (internal) War - settle question about whether a state can succeed Pre Civil War The United States are Post Civil War The United States is

17. The Confederate States of America – –Radicals - fire eaters South Carolinians since Nullification Controversy – –South Carolina state convention Dec 20, 1860 repeal ratification of federal constitution – –6 weeks later MI, Fl, GA, Al, LA, TX succeed – –Delegates to Montgomery Alabama organized themselves as the C.S. of A. Jefferson Davis - President ( Mississippi)

18. Causes Leading to the Civil War 1. Conspiracy President Country – –North Lincoln 1860 USA – –South J. Davis 1861 CSA Each side felt the other was conspiring against the other Laws & measures that inhibited the south - DAVIS Congress controlled by north North doesn't want to control south - south wants to expand into the west LINCOLN Each side didn't trust in an economic or political sense

19. Causes Leading to the Civil War 2. Constitutional UNITED STATES VS. STATES UNITED South - separate individual states form the union – –since states formed the union they can opt out North - the union created the states by the constitution – –If the union is dissolved there is nothing – –LINCOLN WAS FIGHTING TO SAVE THE UNION NOT TO FREE THE SLAVES (a political move) – –Lincoln was a constitutionalist

20. Causes Leading to the Civil Wa r 3. Growth of Slavery South had 4 million slaves – –Slave owners 25% – –very few had large plantations – –small minority of controlling whites controlled southern society Labor intensive agricultural society – –slaves imported because can't get enough whites to do the labor

21. Causes Leading to the Civil War 3. Slavery Davis - the Blacks have a better condition under the superior White race “docile savages to bodily comforts and religious instruction” Lincoln - not in favor of bringing about the social or economic equality of Negroes “There must be the position of inferior/superior” Lincoln 1858 Lincoln was a product of his own culture Freeing of slaves not a matter of equality!!! Yet he was against the concept of slavery SAVE THE UNION

22. Causes Leading to the Civil War F F Causes Leading to A Civil War 4. Economic Labor – –South - free labor? North - paid labor Tariffs – –North wanted to protect their products artificial inflation of imports – –South faced reciprocal tariffs when they exported their agricultural products South Against High Tariffs North Against Free (Cheaper) Labor

23. Causes Leading to the Civil War 4. Economic North passes laws in congress because of an imbalance in voting power (ALL OF THOSE TARIFF ACTS) – –19 Free States – –15 Slave States

24. Causes Leading to the Civil War 5. Nature of a Republic What is a Republic? – –Representative Democracy Freedom to choose South chooses to leave under this freedom Under another system this would not have happened!